1. Imagine that you are a governor of New Archangels who needs to make a detailed report to the Russian Tsarina about the progress and development of the Russian Colony. Decide on lists of difficulties and hardships that the colonists were facing;

2. Make a list of food products and write a request to Saint Petersburg for the Colony supply.

Vocabulary assignment.

In each space below put an adjective ending in –ous made from the noun in brackets after the phrase.

1. a ____ plant (poison)

2. a ____ organization (religion)

3. a ____ soldier (courage)

4. a ____ country (mountain)

5. a ____ machine (danger)

6. a ____ earthquake (disaster)

7. an ___ politician (ambition)

8. a ____ army (victory)

9. an ___ student (industry)

Unit Two. Westward Expansion

_Westward expansion engaged a huge army of fur trappers, explorers, pioneers and adventurers. These people were searching new opportunities to stand up in a crowd of equals and paid every effort to bring America to prosperity and independence as European countries were absolutely heavy occupied by their wars in Europe.

Vocabulary

Origin of British and American names

Many of names originally based on a personal appearance or occupations. For example, the most common name “Smith” means “a blacksmith” or “a metal worker”. Jones means “son of John”, so does “Johnson”. “Williams” means “a son of William”. Many Scottish” names have “Mac” or “Mc” at the beginning of name which also means “a son of”. Similarly, Irish “O” at the beginning of name means “a descendant of”, e.g. O’Brian, O’Neil. A number of names are based on a person’s appearance, e.g. Short, Strong, Armstrong, Brown, or occupation, e.g. Wright (craftsman), Taylor (tailor), Carpenter, Stuart (steward).

Agriculture

Read and circle the most difficult or unknown words from the list below. Then ask your partner to explain these words.

Livestock, crops, agricultural, dams, fertilizers, harvest, irrigate, self-sufficient, fertile, farmers

Exercise № 9. Explain the difference between …

1. To plough and to sow;

2. A mine and a quarry;

3. A producer and a consumer;

4. An oilfield and an oil-refinery.

Exercise № 10. Put the right preposition into every sentence.

1. Profitability depends largely …production and sales.

2. There was a boom …gold-mining.

3. The main export …Russia is oil.

4. Large Western territories suffered …lack of irrigation.

5. Russia is self-efficient …food-processing.

6. Germany exports gas …Russia.

Exercise № 11. Suffix “-less” means “without”. Provide an appropriate word with “less” in the following sentences.

1. …. Europeans came to the New World searching for land.

2. …. Pioneers were moving across the country. (They had no rest.)

3. The conditions of Indians were …. (They did not have any hopes.)

4. Despite of being …, Mary spent a great deal of time playing and amusing children of other colonists. (She had no mother.)

5. They were working … trying to prepare two warehouses before winter arrived. (They worked without an end.)

Exercise № 12. Translate these sentences into English.

1. Россия получила долгожданный выход к Черному морю в результате борьбы с Оттоманской империей. 2. Восстание под предводительством Емельяна Пугачева вынудило Екатерину Вторую провести административные реформы в стране. 3. Многие американские и русские первооткрыватели путешествовали по неизведанным местам без устали. 4. В то время Россия считала содержание Аляски невыгодным из-за уменьшающего количества диких животных. 5. Российские граждане женились на алеутках Аляски, строили православные церкви, что в целом содействовало дальнейшему развитию региона.