Vocabulary:

Prefixes and suffixes are extremely powerful for creating relative words.

Model: mystery (n) – mysterious (adj) – mysteriously (adv) – mysteriousness (n) – mystic (a) – mystify (v) – mysticism (n)

Prefixes are often used to change the meaning of the base word.

Model: (ir- = not): ir+relevant = irrelevant = not relevant

Make new words with the base words, using the suffixes or prefixes. Sometimes you need to make small changes to the spelling.

Task 1. Using the table below, create as many words as possible to use them in your own sentences explorers.

Model: Kind – unkind – kindles – kindness – self-kind – over-kind – post-kind – non-kind

Crew members knew kindness and respect of their courageous chief – Vituus Bering.

Prefixes	Base word	Suffixes
In Un Im Il Ir Dis Mis Self Over Ex Self Anti Non Pre / post Re	Conscious Help Kind Literate Loyal Mature Measure Polite Popular Relevant Use Rely Respect Sense Success	-able/ ible -ful -(t)ive -less -cy -(i)ty -ment -ness

Read and circle the most difficult or unknown words from the list below. Then ask your partner to explain these words.

Strengthen, protect, reprimand, establish, fortify, advance, embody.

Exercise № 68. Translate these sentences into English using new vocabulary.

1. Россия делала все возможное, чтобы укрепить свои границы на юго-востоке. 2. Необходимо было защищать торговые пути и своих граждан от непрекращающихся набегов кочевых туркестанских племен. 3. После захвата Кизил-Орды, русское правительство решило укрепить этот форпост России. 4. Русские форты были обеспечены всех необходимым для обеспечения нормальной жизни солдат и их семей. 5. Здесь были и тренировочные плацдармы, хлебопекарни, склады с провизией, и даже школы и клубы отдыха.

Role Game:

1. Imagine that you are a duty officer of an avant guard of the Russian cavalry. The regiment has just occupied a Turkistan town. Make a list of four the most important (from your point of view) questions you would like to ask Native Turks.

Your classmate decides on alternative questions to ask as if s/he is a Turkistan landlord.

Expansion with Central Asia

At the midst of the 19^th century Turkistan was a vast area comprising of a number of khanates and emirates populated with Turks among them were Bukhara Emirate, Khiva and Koqand Khanates¹² were the largest. These different lands always looked mysterious and attracting to Russians who were trading beneficially with these Central Asian countries since the time of Peter I. The Russian Emperors were much interested in establishing good business relations and control over this region. Over there Russians met endless and waterless deserts, moving sands and heating sunshine causing people to collapse unconsciously rather than concentrating all physical strength for fighting and management.

The Russian Expansion into Central Asia started in 1853 when the Military Governor of Orenburg V. Perovsky attacked and seized a large fortress Ak-Mosque (modern Kizil-Orda) on the banks of the Syr-Darya River. In 1864 the Defense Ministry of Russia continued strengthening of the Siberian and Orenburg provinces protecting the security of the Russian borders from attacks of Koqand, Khiva and Bukhara tribes. Following this aim there was a need in expanding and in May of 1864, a Russian regiment of 1500 soldiers under command of Colonel Verevkin moved forward to Turkistan. Another Russian unit of 2500 soldiers under command of Colonel Mikhail Chernyaev started moving to Auliye-Ata (modern Chimkent). In a month time the both oriental fort posts were conquered and both colonels were promoted to the rank of General-Mayors.

General-Mayor Mikhail Chernyaev became extremely popular because of his huge success in Central Asia. Newspapers of Saint Petersburg were publishing numerous articles about him. Popularity of Mikhail Chernyaev was explained by the fact that he was awarded with three state orders and promoted to the rank of General-Major.

Despite several military failures Russians were moving backwards aggressive and resistible Asian warriors occupying one town after another. By the beginning of the 1870s large areas boundary by the left bank of the Syr-Darya River came under protection of Russia. The Russian soldiers and missionaries started creating a boundary line comfortable and secured constructing a number of fortified shelters and forts.

FOCUS ON STRUCTURE: PASSIVE VOICE

Following the model below, change the forthcoming sentences from active to passive voice.

MODEL: The Khan of Khiva watched Russians cautiously. Russians were watched by the Khan of Khiva.

1. This peaceful treaty between Russia and Khiva might easily take place.

2. The General Governor of Turkistan Mr. Constantine Kaufman reported to Saint Petersburg about hundreds of Russians tortured in custody.

3. The Chief-Governor Mr. Constantine Kaufman reprimanded him and sent him away to Tiflis.

4. Local Khivian authorities and clergymen didn’t pay much tribute to community education.

5. Constantine Kaufman initiated construction of sixty primary schools and two grammar schools.

6. Mikhail Skobelev with two hundred of Cossacks and two guns beat the avant guarde of the enemy Mangishlak group of two thousand hundred forty people.

Now, compose five more sentences about the present day policy in Russia toward Central Asian countries.

Reading for meaning.