II. Экскурсия «saki resort park»
2.1 Контрольный текст экскурсии
Today we will take a closer look at the town which was chosen by you as a holiday destination. Our excursion will last for an hour. During the tour, please follow the rules of behavior: do not damage or break plants, do not walk on the lawns, do not throw litter.
And now I invite you to enter the territory of one of the unique places in the Crimea - our city park.
Saki park was founded in 1891 by the ranger of mud baths Melnichenko Pavel Sidorovich (Application 1). The park covers an area of 30 hectares. The plants collected here are native to different countries in Europe, Asia, North America, Japan and China. There are about 86 species of trees and shrubs in our park. There are oaks, birch, pine, American and field maple, Spanish greenweed, Japanese sophora, yew-tree, boxwood, white and black poplar, elm, ash, sycamore, chestnut, white and purple willow, honey locust, cypress and many other plants and trees which we shall see during our tour around the park.
And our rout begins at one of the places of interest of the town - the pump-room of mineral water, which was built on the site of a mineral spring discovered in 1983 (Pic 2.1). Its glass pavilion can give place to almost 1,000 visitors at a time. Mineral water is hydro-chloride-sodium, slightly alkaline with 2.1 - 2,3 grams of salts per liter[14]. It treats diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The water is pumped from an artesian well at the depth of nearly 900 meters. It is delivered into the pump- room under natural pressure. The sources of such kind have also been found on the territory of a military sanatorium and in a few kilometers from the town of Saki. Saki plant of mineral water works on the basis of one of them. It produces the Crimean mineral water, which is very pleasant to taste and quenches thirst in a hot weather.
Pic. 2.1. The pump-room of mineral water
In the middle of an artificial body of water behind the pump-room there is a stone sculpture "Brontosaurus" – the "voice" of a distant Mesozoic era. Only at that time, nearly 155 million years ago, it was possible to witness a unique scene – the fight of herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs.
The sculpture was created by the famous artist Nina Petrovna Petrova. Such an unusual composition can be seen only in Saki. Sculptural composition makes a greater impression when you find out that nearby in the park there are some other incomers from the distant past times. This is an outlandish gingko tree, an offspring of thick forests of the Mesozoic era, where gigantic animals of nearly 15 meters high and over 25 meters long used to roam freely.
It is believed that the composition of prehistoric animals in Saki is one of the first in the world (Pic. 2.2).
Pic. 2.2 "Brontosaurus"
And now we approach the source of popularity of our town - Saki Lake.
The healing properties of the mud of Lake Saki were known to the local people since ancient times. The ancient historian Herodotus, who lived in the 5 century BC mentions the fact that in Tauris, so the Crimea was called at that time, the"Egyptian method of treatment with mud" was used on the salt lake [6, 23].
In the first century BC the Roman writer and historian Pliny the Elder in his "Natural History" mentioned the town of Parasinum, located in Tauris, "where people are treated with the land, healing all wounds."
Another scholar of antiquity - Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolomey who lived in the second century BC called the town with the healing mud somewhat differently - Parasta - and pointed out that it was located in the western part of the peninsula.
The legends about the miraculous properties of Saki mud have long been popular with people. One of them says that it all started with an old, sick with rheumatism camel, whose owner chased it from the yard. The camel wandered into the middle of the lake and stood there all day in the black oily mud. In the evening he came to the shore and grazed. Some days passed and then one day it returned to the owner cheerful and full of energy.
Another legend tells of the other case. Chumaks from Ukraine came for salt to the Crimea. Chumatskiy Way had a very long history. One day, accidentally a chumak cart drove into the lake and stuck in the mud. Avail the chumak hovered around, trying to pull a cart out of viscous mud and not knowing how much time he would have to spend in the mud high up to his knees. His comrades helped him get out. After this incident, the man miraculously cured of severe pains in the legs.
And here is the case described by Dr. Auger (with this name we'll meet again). Once a shepherd was bitten on the leg by a tarantula. His leg swelled up and the patient developed fever. To cool the foot the shepherd overlaid it with lake mud. Soon, he was relieved, and after a few hours the tumor was gone. The man told this story to his fellow villagers, and people began to be treated with mud from the bites of poisonous insects and snakes, and later from the diseases [2].
The long history of Lake Saki in different periods of time found its witnesses who left their memories and impressions of a peculiar way of curing various diseases. Historians believe that in the times of the ancient Greeks (V c. BC - first century AD) there existed an antique resort and it was evidenced by the excavations of archaeologists. Centuries passed and wealthy Greeks as well as Roman legionaries were resort visitors. History of mud treatments received its further development.
The method of mud treatment was described after the Crimea had been joined to Russia (1783), by Academician P.I.Sumarokov, who visited the Crimea in 1799.
"... Saki Lake, near the village of the same name - he wrote in his book "Journey around the Crimea and Bessarabia in 1799" - has a wonderful effect to bring a quick recovery from many illnesses. Water, flowing and evaporating under the sun, leaves off a kind of dirt, wherein people dig deep pits like graves and bury the sick up to the neck so that they lie and cannot make any movement. Above their heads a kind of tent is made of tree-branches in order to protect them from hot sunrays. They have to sit in the pit for an hour or more until it brings them relief [6, 25].
In 1807, French chemist Desserer made the first analysis of Saki mud. In 1814, Dr. Lang described the properties of Saki mud, listed diseases, from which it can heal, and gave recommendations on how to use mud and what precautions should be observed.
However, the method of healing described by Sumarokov existed for a long time before coming to Saki a Evpatorian district doctor Nikolai Antonovich Auger, who has worked here since 1827 and the year 1828 is considered to be the founding date of Saki resort. But let us go back to the healing lake, without which no resort would exist here (Pic. 2.3). So, the lake is a giant laboratory in which nature prepares miracle balm - therapeutic mud. It stretches from west to east for 5 km, its greatest width is 3 km.
Pic. 2.3. Saki Lake
In ancient times, there was a river here, which carried to the sea the water with silt and pebbles washed up in the Crimean mountains. More than five thousand years ago the river bed was flooded and a bay was formed. Gradually waves deposited sand and gravel. The bay was separated from the sea with a spit. At the bottom of the lake red-brown clay lie: steel-gray or with a layer of salt on top of a powerful layer of crystalline salt (up to 35 m), on top of which dark gray and black mud is accumulated. Clay, sand, mineral salts, the remains of animals and plants, involving various organisms take part in formation of Saki mud which is elastic, oily, black, with the smell of hydrogen sulfide [13]. The lake has a depth of 1 m. The lake is fed by pumps with the sea water via the canals, it evaporates moisture 3 times more than the rain falls. Just extracted dirt usually is of liquid consistency, so it is sealed for 1.5 - 2 months in special pools. The mud that had already been used is dumped into the pool for regeneration. This process takes about 6 months.
In addition to mud, salt water - brine, sun and air, sea bathing perfectly help in healing people. As it was mentioned above - Saki resort history begins in 1828, when the medical board built on the shore of the lake mud baths, where they began to treat people with the method developed by Dr. Nikolai Antonovich Auger, who worked for Saki resort from 1827 to 1853. Then there was the first hotel for coming patients built.
And now I invite you to come to a favorite place of local residents - our park. The sanatorium named after Academician Burdenko and resort “Saki” are situated here. Now we shall have a look at health centers and get acquainted with the greenery of this wonderful park. Up to 1850 the shore of the lake and the land settled within 50 km from the lake, was a bare steppe with sparse vegetation.
In 1884 Professor A.I. Scherbakov wrote in one of the issues of "Medical Review": "There is not any protected from the sun place for walking like a park or garden, that’s why walking is possible only in the evening when the scorching heat subsides. Apart from a few acacia trees, there is no other woody vegetation: a vast territory of steppe is completely devoid of trees [1]. "
The further fate of the resort depended on its accomplishment and especially on gardening.
The history of the origin of this monument of landscape art is pretty interesting . In 1890 the ranger of mud baths, a scientist by profession - gardener Pavel Sydorovych Melnichenko, having at its disposal only five thousand rubles released by the provincial authorities, began the creation of this living monument. Late in autumn 1890 a deep plantage for 1.5 m was raised on the future site of the park with hand shovels. Chumaks coming to Crimea for salt brought fertile black soil from Ukraine. In the spring of the following year planting of trees had begun, and by the beginning of the holiday season the contours of the future park were already outlined. Flowerbeds were plowed and lawns were planted with alfalfa, irrigation canals were dug and picturesque bridges spanned them - we shall see them later - and Saki transformed. The origin of the name of our town, of course, is not known, but there are different assumptions. One of them is that once there lived a nomadic tribe of Saks hence the town got its name [1].
A variety of trees and shrubs grow around the resort and along the alleys leading past it. The alley between the pump room and the sanatorium named after Burdenko is planted with ordinary ash (Application 3). This is a large, very drought-resistant tree with pinnate leaves. Its fruit are blunt at the end - the lionfish collected in brushes. Its motherland is the whole Europe, the Caucasus, the Crimea, Asia Minor. Here grows acute-fruit ash. It has more narrow leaves. Bukus or boxwood serves as a hedge. It lives a few thousand years and is a relict plant that grows very slowly - 1 mm per year.
Here occurs arborvitae of pyramidal shape. Its homeland is Asia Minor. This tree with leaves looking like beams and small hanging green pods and beautiful flowers is catalpa. Its birthplace is North America.
Here young pine trees grow, next there is a small birch grove.
We shall have a brief pause in our story about the park. We stand in front of the sanatorium named after Academician Burdenko. It was built in 1974 and is designed for heavy patients suffering from diseases of the spine, most often connected with the injury. Here athletes, victims of road accidents, wounded in various accidents, patients with partial or complete paralysis of the lower limbs are treated. The sanatorium is capable to receive simultaneously up to 370 patients. It has a very good medical facilities, specially equipped with elevators, ramps for the free movement of patients in wheelchairs. This building houses 5 clinical departments, a balneary, a swimming pool, a medical - diagnostic department, 13 specially equipped gyms and a canteen.
Nikolai Burdenko, whose name was given to the sanatorium, scientifically substantiated and practically proved the effectiveness of treatment with mud combat injuries, and particularly injuries of the spine. He was one of the first doctors engaged in surgery of the central and peripheric nervous system and introduced it into clinical practice [14].
We go on to the second main avenue of the park. Look to the left please, one of the most beautiful trees on the Earth - Atlas cedar grows near the old building. It has a broad pyramidal crown with thin, long (4-5 cm) needles, large towering cones (8-10 cm), and is bright green in the summer. Apart from the pyramidal and weeping, golden and silver forms of cedar are known.
Nearby you can see the grassy bush - buduleya. It has a beautiful purple color. It comes from the Mediterranean. All avenues were lined up with ordinary privet - a widespread ornamental shrub. It grows in Central and Southern Europe, and the Caucasus.
There are many poplars in our park. The homeland of poplar is Central Asia. We grow several species of poplar - Turkestan, white, black and pyramidal. Totally there are about 30 species in our country. All poplars are quite high - 15-30 meters, upright, with various structure of leaves. Their trunks are covered with blackish or gray bark. The bark above becomes smooth and gets a beautiful olive or grayish-green color. Flowers of the poplar are gathered in drooping catkins. Small hairy seeds are packed in boxes. Its wood is light and soft. The speed of growth of poplar is so immense that their best crops to 23 years may increase as much wood as oak or pine plantations give only to 100 years. Poplar is used for the manufacture of splinters. From it you can get tar, tannins, dyes, vitamins, fragrant essential oil. If the usage of poplars has a lot in common, the beauty of each species is very special. One of the sides of the leaves of the white poplar is snow-white, and the other is dark green [5].
Black
poplar is less beautiful. It has a wide crown with thin twigs,
monochrome glossy greenleaves, and only at the time of flowering it
is decorated with purple-red catkins (Pic. 2.4).
Pic. 2.4 Black poplar
And this is a honeysuckle - a beautiful shrub with small pink flowers.
We went out on the main avenue of the park. You can see the monument to N.V.Gogol, who visited Saki resort in 1835 (Application 2). By the way, our town was visited by many famous people, that made its contribution to the growth of popularity of the resort. 26-year-old Gogol wrote: "I was ... in the Crimea, where soiled in mineral mud." The monument was erected in 1958. The author is not known.
A little bit about the history of the sanatorium "Saki" which we see on the right and left sides. As it is already known, it was founded in 1828. The resort experienced periods of decline and rise more than once. In 1828 there were 29 patients officially registered, then after four years the resort was visited by more than 100 people, and in 1850 about 330 patients came here.
Russian and foreign press began to publish articles about the healing properties of the Saki Lake. During that period Saki was the only mud resort in the country.
Further development of the resort The Crimean War broke the further development of the resort in 1853-1856. During the war almost all the houses in Saki including the building of mud baths were destroyed [1].
In 1857 new barracks of the military hospital were built on the shores of Lake Saki and the wounded defenders of Sevastopol were cured there. The outstanding Russian surgeon N.I. Pirogov managed the organization of medical business at that time. Mud baths was fully restored only in 1858.
The development of the resort has been slow because of lack of funds. By the early twentieth century the first hotel with 70 seats for wealthy patients had been built as well as a few barracks for the so-called “zemsky” or free patients.
The number of patients who came for treatment increased every year. Statistics show that people came even from the distant provinces of Russia - such as Arkhangelsk, Perm, Vologda and the central Russian provinces. Many foreigners from Austria, Bulgaria, Poland, France, England, America and the Middle East started attending the town.
The second reason for the devastation was the civil war. By 1925 nearly three thousand people were treated at the reconstructed resort.
All the old buildings were reconstructed, the way of treatment has changed. New therapies were developed by Nikolai Burdenko and Sergey Nalbandov - one of the largest Russian and Soviet scientists- balneologists.
From year to year the resort grew and big plans were made but they were crossed by the war.
Hitler invaders inflicted great damage to Saki resort.
25 buildings of the sanatorium named after Lenin were completely destroyed and 120 buildings severely damaged. The main building of mud baths with valuable equipment and marble baths were looted and burned, mud baths and the boiler-room exploded. The military sanatorium was destroyed.
After the liberation from the Nazis the resort had to be rebuilt from the scratch. The date of the revival of the resort was 15 September 1945 when mud baths were reopened.
Next on our way is the main avenue of the park. Looking to the right we see a group of chestnuts. Chestnuts are large, up to 15m deciduous trees or shrubs, sometimes dwarf shrubs up to 30cm. They are common in the Mediterranean, the Caucasus, Eastern Himalayas, Asia and the Atlantic region of North America. In Western Europe there are 500 varieties of chestnut trees, many of which were brought there nearly 2,000 years ago from Asia Minor (Application 3).
Chestnuts live up to 1,000 years or more, some trees to 26m in circumference have been described. Wood of chestnuts is used in building houses, furniture manufacturing, shipbuilding, chestnut wine barrels are of great value. Chestnuts play a significant role in the diet of the population in most countries of Southern Europe, on the island of Corsica they replace the bread and are widely used in the confectionery. Bees collect a lot of honey in the chestnut forest [5].
On the left, you can see the following plant as forsythia, with yellow flowers, its birthplace is China (Application 3). Early in spring branches of Japanese quince are covered with bright scarlet-red flowers. The birthplace of jasmine and spirea growing here is China and Japan.
These plants produce oxygen and are air-purifying. The park has almost no dust, gases and pathogenic microbes. The greenery significantly reduces the solar radiation. Doctors recommend the patients to spend more time in the park, its air improves exchange in the body, increases the oxygen pressure, calms the heart pain, stabilizes blood pressure.
We
are in the main avenue of the park at the moment, crowns of sycamores
cover it like a tent (Pic. 2.5). They were planted in 1965, instead
of starting to get sick and died trees. Sycamore is a native of
Persia, but here it feels like at home. The tree has large palmate
leaves, pointed like maple leaves, the bark of branches and trunks
sometimes peels. Trees are famous for their beauty and long life.
Pic. 2.5. The main avenue of the park
The decoration of alleys is tecoma, its tubular-shaped flowers look quite exotic and are very beautiful. Its homeland is North America and East Asia.
Here we meet another long-living tree – juniper or red cedar - the pencil tree with bluish small berries or pine cones, berry-like and scale-like leaves, like arbor vitae. The homeland of juniper is North America. It belongs to the oldest cypress family. The timing of it on the ground is about 50 million. 70 species of plants still live with us, 5 of them in the Crimea. Some types of junipers live for 2-3 thousand years. Ancient Greeks, Romans and Egyptians used juniper as a medicinal plant. Later junipers were included in the state pharmacology.
And now we come to the Monument of Glory (Application 2). During World War II more than 1,000 residents of a small village Saki fought against the Nazi invaders. 378 of them were awarded orders and medals of the USSR, two natives of the city have the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, 250 people died a heroic death on the battlefield. The Monument was erected in 1985 in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Great Victory.
The Monument is a two-step tetrahedral memorial with a laurel wreath. There in the first stage of the Monument the following text is carved "Eternal glory to residents of Saki, who died a heroic death in the struggle against the German invaders in 1941-1945. "
The Monument is made of artificial stone, its height is 7.5 m. The pillar on the right is reinforced with a marble plaque, which bears the text: "Soldiers, countrymen who died in the Great Patriotic War" and the names of 140 victims [6].
On the right we see a favorite for decades place of citizens - the old dance floor. We are in a small pine forest. Here there are two kinds of pine trees: Crimean pine and Sudan pine. These two pines growing in the Crimea have different appearance and the structure of needles. The Crimean pine’s needles are rougher, but more green, and the Sudan pine has longer and airy needles but less green due to the wax coating. The crown of the Crimean pine is branched like a palm tree, and that of the Sudan is pointed. Many people worship the pine, it served as a symbol of life, fertility, immortality, eternity, devotion to duty in China. In Japan, the pine covered with snow is the personification of a happy old age. Pine forests have long been considered a pantry of sep mushrooms. Modern medicine recommends a decoction of pine buds as an expectorant, diuretic, as well as inhalation and therapeutic baths. Since ancient times, pine wood has been used in shipbuilding. And now pine goes to port constructions: dams, wharves, telegraph poles [9].
All trees require moisture and the problem of irrigation of the park was solved with the help of Professor Golovkinsky on whose proposal the first borehole was drilled in 1890. And our next stop is the memorial sign for the place of this first well (Application 2). Here is a dark gray granite slab with an inscription. The quality of water was wonderful. Professor Golovkinsky proposed to organize the first Russian artesian observatory here in Saki. It was set up in the park near the dance floor.
And now we will walk through the alley, parallel to the principal. On the right you see the lilac bushes. There are a lot of them in our park. The scientific name of it is siringa and relates to one of the ancient legends. It tells how Pan - the god of woods and fields insisted on love with the nymph Siringa. But he was very ugly- bearded, horned, goat-footed. Beautiful Siringa, fearing the persecution of Pan, turned into a beautiful plant.
There are 600 species of lilacs. It has extremely hard and strong wood: it is heavier than water and sinks. In our park there are three types of lilac: ordinary, Persian lilac and Emondy lilac - growing like a tree and blooming in summer. We are now near the woods planted in 1890-1892 period. There is arborvitae tree growing here. This is an evergreen plant.
Terrible storms raged in late December in1892 brought a lot of ground from cultivated fields surrounding the north-east side of the hospital, sometimes in excess of 1.5 meters. In early January, after a snowfall, a storm rose again, and this time the job was completed. The thickness of the snow with sand in some places reached up to 3 meters. Pools of artesian wells, trees and shrubs - all in the eastern part of the park was damaged. Throughout the spring 1893 workers had to dig out the park trees. 30% of them died under the weight of sediment. Here you see young arborvitae plants.
One of the ponds is on the left. This is one of the quietest corners of the park. In 1892 two artificial lakes with the outlines of the Black Sea and the Crimean peninsula were dug. The park then occupied about 7 hectares, now it is 10 times more.
Here we see the interesting specimens of plants, not characteristic for the steppe part of Crimea. A weeping willow sadly bowed its long, flexible branches into the lake. Beside it there is a giant purple willow. You see purple and yellow branches bare with leaves bluish at the bottom. If our willows wanted to visit their relatives, and there are more than 600 species of them on the globe, they would go to Siberia, Central Asia, the Mediterranean countries, Japan and India, North Africa and America.
Flowering willow is a holiday three times: first, the nature celebrates the end of winter, secondly, the bee has the first bribe, thirdly, people meet with spring. Life of the willow is short only 20-70 years, but during this period it gives so many benefits that other trees don’t do in 200 years. The willow gives people tannins, paint, varnish, fuel, plywood, wicker furniture, toys, paper, silk. Willows usually grow along rivers, lakes and other bodies of water [9].
In front of us there is a European ash: a large, very drought-resistant tree with pinnate leaves. Its fruits is blunt at the end lionfish collected in brushes. We have already met with it at the sanatorium of Burdenko.
Much hawthorn grows around the lake. It has thorns, white flowers and red fruit. Its homeland is Europe. Probably not any other tree is so rich in relatives than hawthorn. There are more than 1000of them, 15 species occur in the Crimea. The Latin name is translated as "strong", "hard". This flattering epithet The tree received this flattering epithet for its viability and indestructible hard spikes, longevity of 200-400 years. Remember the old riddle about hawthorn: "There stands a curly tree, and its claws are like wolf’s." Small birds like linnets, warblers, redstarts, thrushes, flycatchers, nightingales have long appreciated this tree. They prefer to make nests on the hawthorn. Spikes of the tree are the best protection against predators.
The Crimean hawthorn fruit are edible. They keep in the trees for a long time, so in the winter time are food for birds. In the Crimea, hawthorn has long been harvested for future use: berries were mixed with sugar and dried. Hawthorn is widely used in medicine to calm the nervous system and as cordial. Hawthorn extract is a part of kardiovalin and normalizes the activity of the thyroid gland.
And now we see the grove of robur or English oak. These oaks are more than 100 years old. These are mighty trees. Their homeland is the Crimea and the Caucasus. There are about 600 species of oaks on our planet, and only three of them can be found in the Crimea: robur or English, rocky, and fluffy. This plant has long been related by people to the concept of beauty, health and longevity. A longevity of oaks is amazing. For example, English oak can live for 8-10 centuries, but the rock and fluffy only for 1-2 centuries. Oaks bloom every year, but do not fruit every time. The usage of oak is huge. Our ancestors baked bread of acorn flour and made cereals and soup. In the years of famine in Russia acorn bread with rye flour additives was the staple food. Until now, in France and England acorn flour is used for baking cakes, muffins, cookies. Acorn is good food for animals . Acorns are willingly eaten by many birds, wild boars, badgers, deer, squirrels and mice. Oak being put into water, does not rot. The wood becomes black shade, this wood or the so-called bog oak goes for manufacturing of expensive furniture [4, 11].
In different parts of the park we find the trees of pink and white acacia. In the spring, during its flowering the park and the city are filled with wonderful fragrance.
Here is an American maple, his birthplace is North America. Maple has large trifoliate leaves, drooping flowers on long stalks. Many different kinds of maple grow in our park nowadays. Maple is a melliferous plant, its wood is widely used in the furniture industry. Folk medicine recommends maple to scorbutic patients and for curing diseases of the urinary tract. In many nations of the world the maple is a symbol of sadness, separation, grief. So in Ukraine maple was often planted on the graves of separated lovers.
Here you can see Judas-tree (Application 3). In the flowering period it has pale violet color, thickly dotted with many tiny flowers that go as if straight from the bark of branches, which is typical of many of the trees of the tropical belt. The fruit and leaves have medicinal value. The homeland of Judas- tree is Southern Europe and Asia Minor.
Japanese sophora feels well in the park of the city and in artificial roadside plantings in the Crimea. Its homeland is China and Japan, where this tree is sacred. It can reach a height of 25 m and resembles acacia but its leaves are only a little less and have a kind of gloss. The tree is hard and drought-resistant. Its flowers and fruits - beans - are valuable medicinal raw materials. Tincture made of them is used to treat eczema, wounds, some internal organs.
Here is a pride of park creators - honey locust. Its birthplace is North America. The tree adapts well to both cold weather and drought. Honey locust leaves look like those of acacia. It has small greenish flowers, its fruit is a long pod. Two kinds of honey locust grow in the park the so-called thornless and of triple-thorn kind.
Yew or mahogany grows here for many years. Its wood does not rot in the water. This tree is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere from Europe through the Himalayas to Japan. Its seeds look like red berries. Nevertheless its flowers, fruit and seeds are poisonous. Yew grows very slowly and reaches the age of up to 4 thousand years. Its wood is considered to be valuable [4, 64].
And now we will go to the monument of Lesya Ukrainka through the main avenue of the park (Application 2). Lesya Ukrainka (Larysa Kosach), the famous Ukrainian poet came to Saki in 1890.It was not yet known that bone tuberculosis is not treated with Saki mud and the treatment only made the condition of the patient worth. Later Academician N.N. Burdenko has proved that treatment of bone tuberculosis with mud is useless and even dangerous.
We are going back again to the main path of the park, and I invite you to admire the sycamore trees and blooming tecoma climbers growing on both sides of the exit of the park. In the eastern part of the park there is another oldest sanatorium of the Ministry of Defense.
Now there are about 1,200 trees growing in the park and most of them are long-living, their age is more than 50 - 60 years. About 150 trees are the patriarchs, their age is greater than a century!
The role of greenery in the improvement of the environment is invaluable. In the park one can breathe easily and freely, the air is clean and oxygenated. Walking through the park and its beautiful landscapes has a beneficial effect on patients, strengthens their nervous system.
Now we are passing the main path of the park and I will try to answer your questions. And we will walk to the museum - the final destination of our excursion.
ВЫВОДЫ
Поставленная в начале работы цель была выполнена – собрана, обработана и систематизирована необходимая информация по составлению экскурсионных маршрутов, изучены закономерности построения экскурсионного маршрута. Собран материал по истории возникновения Сакского курортного парка, его достопримечательностей, монументов, памятных знаков и интересных мест, широко изучен растительный мир парка. На основе собранных материалов создан свой экскурсионный маршрут, составлен контрольный текст экскурсии на английском языке.
Во время написания своей работы я открыла много нового для себя. Я не буду останавливаться на достигнутом, мне бы хотелось еще сильнее углубиться в историю города и курортного парка, расширить свою экскурсию, и я непременно этого добьюсь, сколько бы сил на это не ушло. Но могу сказать, что такая работа в радость. Это очень увлекательно и познавательно.
Я люблю свою малую родину, поэтому каждый раз, как только у меня появляется возможность как-то поспособствовать её улучшению или же развитию, я использую её на все 100% . Этот туристический маршрут, который я разработала, может помочь многим иностранным туристам узнать о нашем прекрасном уголке много интересного. Материалы экскурсии могут использоваться не только в туристических целях. Для меня, прежде всего важно то, чтобы люди знали историю своей родины, нужно воспитывать любовь к своему родному краю. Материалы могут быть использованы для обогащения словарного запаса, они помогают лучше изучить и глубже понять иностранный язык, а также обратить внимание на свой родной язык. Результаты работы можно использовать на уроках английского языка и языкознания, на факультативных занятиях, для проведения внеклассных мероприятий, различных викторин и квестов, при подготовке к ГИА И ЕГЭ.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
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http://krymology.info/index.php/
Приложение 1
Портфель экскурсовода. Фото Н. С. Мельниченко
Приложение 2
Памятные места Сакского парка
Памятный знак на месте
Бюст Н.В. Гоголя первой артезианской скважины
Обелиск Славы Памятник Лесе Украинке
Приложение 3
Растительный мир Сакского парка
Ясень обыкновенный Багряник (Иудино дерево)
Форзиция
Каштан конский