Зворотні займенники / Reflexive pronouns (myself/yourself etc.)
a) The reflexive pronouns are: |
singular: myself yourself (one person) himself / herself / itself |
plural: ourselves yourselves (more than one person) themselves |
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We use a reflexive pronoun when the subject and object are the same: |
Tom cut himself while he was shaving, (not 'Tom cut him') - I don't want you to pay for me. I'll pay for myself.
- The party was great. We enjoyed ourselves very much. |
But we do not use 'myself etc. after bring/ take something with: |
- I went out and took an umbrella with me. (not 'with myself) |
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b) We do not use 'myself etc. after feel/relax/concentrate: |
- I feel great after having a swim, (not 'I feel myself great')
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We do not normally use 'myself etc. after wash/dress/shave: |
- I got up, shaved, washed and dressed, (not 'shaved myself etc.) But we say: I dried myself. |
Note how we use meet: - What time shall we meet? (not 'meet ourselves/meet us') |
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c) Study the difference between - selves and each other: |
- Tom and Ann stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves. (= Tom and Ann looked at Tom and Ann) |
but: Tom looked at Ann and Ann looked at Tom. They looked at each other. You can use one another instead of each other: |
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d) We also use myself etc. in another way. For example: |
I repaired it, not anybody else. We use myself here to emphasise I. Here are some more examples:
- Let's paint the house ourselves. It will be much cheaper. - The film itself wasn't very good but I liked the music. |
- I don't think Tom will get the job. Tom himself doesn't think he'll get it. |
(or 'Tom doesn't think he'll get it himself.') |
Grammar Practice
Exercise 1. Insert the necessary form of the verb to be.
1. I ... ... a student next year. 2. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 3. My books ... on the table yesterday. Where ... they now? 4. ... you ... at school tomorrow? – Yes, I ... . 5. Where ... you yesterday? – I ... in the cinema. 6. Peter ... not ... at home tomorrow. 7. I ... ill last month. I ... not ill now. 8. ... your parents at home yesterday. – No, they ... at work. 9. My grandfather ... not ... at home next week. 10. When my granny ... young, she ... an actress. 11. I ... at home now, but I ... in Kyiv tomorrow. 12. We ... pupils ten years ago.
Exercise 2. Put in the following forms of be (am, are, is) into the gaps. Do not use short/contracted forms. Example: He __ a boy. Answer: He is a boy.
1) My mother
in
the kitchen. 2) The pupils
not
at school today. 3) Maria's grandmother
from
Brazil. 4) I
a
football fan. 5) It
Sunday
today. 6) They
in
the car. 7) His pencil case
at
home. 8)
you
from Sheffield? 9) I
not
your friend. 10) Hey John! We
here.
Exercise 3. Complete the gaps with the negative forms of the verb to be.
Example: She
from
France. Начало
формы
This book
mine.
2. Jane and Peter
married.
3. That
right.
4. My brother
here
at the moment. 5. We
in
England. 6. It
Monday
today. 7. Jennie's surname
Peters.
8. I
a
hairdresser. 9. My name
Alexander.
10. There
many
people in this class.
Exercise 4. Make the positive sentences negatives.
Example:
I
am a student.
Начало формы
This exercise is difficult. _________________________________________________________________
We're from Spain. ______________________________________________________________________
My grandmother's name's Adelaide. ________________________________________________________
The kids are in the garden. _______________________________________________________________
You're English. ________________________________________________________________________
My car is very expensive. ________________________________________________________________
This is my student's notebook. ____________________________________________________________
These photographs are very nice. _________________________________________________________
Alex is twenty-five years old. _____________________________________________________________
I'm fine. ______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.Начало формы
efink __________________
noosp __________________
owlb __________________
nicha __________________
rapcet __________________
teklet __________________
hiamcrar __________________
veon __________________
acepasnu __________________
skin __________________
faos __________________
gefrid __________________
retufurni __________________
erkooc __________________
robedraw __________________
ustyd ___________________
enchtik ___________________
casekoob ___________________
eltow ___________________
nori ___________________
Exercise 3. Complete the descriptions. (There may be more than one possible answer).
The bedroom, that’s where you ……………sleep............
The kitchen, that’s where you do the………………………
The bathroom, that’s where you …………and……………
The living room, that’s where you …………………………
The dining room, that’s where you ………………………..
The basement, that’s where you ………………………….
The study, that’s where you ……………………………….
The closet, that’s where you ……………………………….
Exercise 4. You have just moved into a new flat. For the first six months you can only have six of the following. Which would you choose, and why? Compare with someone else if possible.
Example. I would certainly choose a cooker – I can’t eat cold food all the time.
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Sofa cooker carpets curtains bed kettle TV-set washing machine fridge
Dining table CD player dishwasher armchair bookcase cutlery chandelier
Exercise 5. Match the following groups of words:
I cleaned a. the washing up
I went b. the alarm-clock
I set c. my bed
I switched off d. my pyjamas
I did e. to bed
I put on f. me teeth
I made g. the light
Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks with the necessary word in brackets.
1. Recently we’ve got a new …. (kitchen, flat, floor). 2. My mother does the cooking in the … (running water, kitchen, sideboard). 3. In every room we have a number of … on the wall (tables, pictures, beds). 4. You can see a … on the floor (carpet, bathroom, shelf). 5. He invited us for his … (furniture, central heating, house-warming). 6. What … is your apartment on? (floor, staircase, roof). 7. I usually wash my clothes in the … (vacuum cleaner, oven, washing machine).
Exercise 7. Read and translate the text. Do the task below.
OUR SITTING ROOM
Let's have a look at this picture of our sitting room. As you come into the room you notice a piano with a low piano stool in front of it. Next to the piano there is a tall bookcase standing against the wall. On the left there is a large window. Under the window there's a radiator, but you can't see it because it's behind the settee. On the settee there are two cushions. The fireplace is at the other end of the room. On each side of the fireplace there's an armchair. An old lady is sitting in one of the chairs, but nobody's sitting in the other one: it's empty.
In the centre of the mantelpiece there's a clock and above it there is an oval mirror. On the right you can see a standard lamp. Opposite the fireplace you can see a small table with an ashtray and some newspapers on it. By the table there is a small chair. On the extreme right there's a radio. The floor is covered with a beautiful thick carpet. An electric light is hanging from the middle of the ceiling. At night, when it gets dark we switch on the light and draw the curtains. During the day, the light comes in through the window.
(from "London Linguaphone Course ")
Do the following task: match the separate parts to make original sentences from the text.
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Exercise 8. Look at the picture carefully. Pay attention to each detail.
1) Describe the room you see.
2) Name the members of the family.
3) Say what each of them is doing at the
moment.
Exercise 9. Match the following English idioms to their dictionary definitions.
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Be homesick
Under the same roof
Answer the door
Make yourself at home
Receive guests
There’s not enough room to swing a cat
A home from home
Be in apple-pie order
Keep open house
Keep house
Show smb. the door
ask smb. to leave one’s home, office, because one is very angry with that person;
any visitors are welcome at one’s house, they don’t need a special invitation to come;
there is very little space in a room;
go and open the door because a visitor has knocked on it or run the bell;
do in smb’s house the things that a person would do in his own;
be in the same building;
feel unhappy because one is missing his home and his family;
be tidy;
accept as a visitor or member; welcome;
a place in which one feels very happy, just as if he were in his own home;
stay at home and do the cleaning and cooking, and do not go out to work.
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English using the words and expressions under consideration.
1. На жаль, господарі нашої квартири не надають жодних зручностей. 2. Наша квартира знаходиться на 3-му поверсі. 3. Ви чекаєте на ліфт? Ось він їде. – Ліфт їде нагору чи вниз? 4. Квартира моєї бабусі не здається мені зручною. 5. Мої батьки збираються купити мені двокімнатну квартиру в Києві. 6. У мого брата в Одесі є орендована однокімнатна квартира. 7. Мій батько постійно вказує на двері моїй подрузі-панку. 8. Ми живемо під одним дахом з двома собаками, щуром і тарганами. 9. Мій дідусь – домосід. 10. Чому ти приймаєш гостей у будь-який час? Хіба в тебе немає особистих справ? 11. Моя кімната завжди в зразковому порядку. 12. Дівчина мого кузена, як правило, почувається у нас як удома. 13. Іди та відчини двері. Хтось дзвонить. 14. У вас така маленька квартира. Немає де повернутися! 15. Ти постійно базікаєш про наших сусідів! Припини! Стіни мають вуха. 16. Олена не живе в багатоповерховому будинку, вона мешкає в бунгало. 17. Я хочу переселитися в невеличку хатинку в селі, бо ненавиджу наш міський вуличний гомін. 18. Не чіпай наш новий унітаз! Ти завжди все ламаєш! 19. Де порцеляновий посуд, який я збираюся подарувати сестрі на день народження? 20. Прибери в кімнаті для гостей. Сьогодні відзначаємо новосілля. 21. У Кіровограді немає хмарочосів. 22. Мило, мочалка, рушник і зубна паста у ванній кімнаті. 23. Коли ти збираєшся полагодити телевізор і пральну машину? 24. Спершу завжди заглядай у вічко, а потім відчиняй двері. 25. У нас є великий маєток за містом. 26. Кожного року дружина купує нову величезну шафу для одягу, тому що в неї дуже багато суконь. 27. У вас є центральне опалення? – Так, до того ж, у нас є електрика, газ, вода з крана й великий сміттєпровід.
Let’s have a look at some English Grammar !!! ☺
THE NOUN / ІМЕННИК
/ повнозначна частина мови, яка має значення предметності (назви конкретних предметів та осіб student, teacher, book, опредметнені ознаки calmness, darkness, стани understanding, sorrow, абстрактні поняття honour, love/
THE PLURAL OF THE NOUNS / МНОЖИНА ІМЕННИКІВ
Випадок |
Закінчення |
Приклади |
Винятки |
Іменник закінчується на голосний, дзвінкий або глухий приголосний |
-s |
sea – seas train – trains cat – cats |
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Іменник закінчується на: -s, -ss, -z, -x, -sh, -ch, -tch
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-es |
bus – buses class – classes brush – brushes bench – benches match – matches box – boxes |
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Іменник закінчується на -о |
-es |
echo – echoes hero – heroes potato - potatoes |
kilo – kilos photo – photos piano – pianos radio – radios solo – solos video – videos stereo – stereos |
Іменник закінчується на – у, перед якою стоїть приголосний |
-es (y змінюється на і) |
story – stories fly – flies baby - babies |
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Іменник закінчується на – у, перед якою стоїть голосний |
-s |
day – days boy – boys toy – toy |
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Іменник закінчується на -f чи -fe |
-es (-f змінюється на v) |
half – halves knife – knives life – lives shelf – shelves |
roof – roofs safe – safes chief – chiefs handkerchief – handkerchiefs |
Іменники, що утворюють форму множини шляхом зміни кореневої голосної або за допомогою закінчення –en |
Іменники, що мають однакову форму для однини й множини |
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a man – men a woman – women a foot – feet a tooth – teeth a goose – geese a mouse – mice an ox – oxen child – children |
deer – deer sheep – sheep swine – swine fish – fish fruit – fruit hair – hair |
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Складні іменники типу іменник + ... утворюють множину додаванням закінчення до іменника: brother-in-law – brothers-in-law passer-by – passers-by Якщо перший елемент не іменник, то закінчення додається до останнього елемента: forget-me-not – forget-me-nots merry-go-round – merry-go-rounds |
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Іменники, що вживаються тільки в однині |
Іменники, що вживаються тільки в множині |
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news d advice progress is knowledge money information
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p clothes congratulations goods stairs are jeans scissors spectacles glasses sneakers trousers |
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raughts
olice