Категория залога

ЗАЛОГ

Активный (Действительный)

Пассивный (Страдательный)

Подлежащее выполняет действие

Действие совершается над подлежащим

Leo Tolstoy wrote the novel “War and Peace”

Лев Толстой написал роман «Война и мир»

The novel “War and Peace” was written by Leo Tolstoy.

Роман «Война и мир» был написан Львом Толстым.

ВИДОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ

Активный залог

время

аспект

Indefinite

Continuous

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

Present

V- s (-es)

(am, is, are) + V-ing

(have, has) + V3

(have, has) +been+ V- ing

Past

V- ed, V2

(was, were) + V- ing

had + V3

had + been+ V- ing

Future

will V

will be + V- ing

will have V3

will have +been +V- ing

Пассивный залог

Present

(am, is, are) + V3

(am, is, are) + being +V3

(have, has) + V3

_

Past

(was, were) + V3

(was, were) + being +V3

had + been +V3

_

Future

will be + V3

will be + being +V3

will have + been +V3

_

Стандартные (правильные)

Нестандартные (неправильные)

Образуют формы прошедшего времени (Past Simple) и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) стандартным способом, т. е. путём прибавления к основе окончания –d (ed)

Имеют нестандартные формы прошедшего времени (Past Simple) и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle), которые необходимо запоминать.

Infinitive

Past Simple

Past Participle

Translation

to be

was, were

been

быть

to become

became

become

становиться

to begin

began

begun

начинать

to break

broke

broken

ломать

to bring

brought

brought

приносить

to build

built

built

строить

to buy

bought

bought

покупать

to catch

caught

caught

ловить

to come

came

come

приходить

to cut

cut

cut

резать

to do

did

done

делать

to draw

drew

drawn

рисовать

to dream

dreamed

dreamt

dreamed

dreamt

мечтать

to drink

drank

drunk

пить

to drive

drove

driven

ехать

to eat

ate

eaten

есть

to fall

fell

fallen

падать

to feel

felt

felt

чувствовать

to fight

fought

fought.

бороться

to find

found

found

находить

to fly

flew

flown

летать

to forget

forgot

forgotten

забывать

to get

got

got

получать

to give

gave

given

давать

to go

went

gone

идти

to grow

grew

grown

расти

to have

had

had

иметь

to hear

heard

heard

слышать

to hold

held

held

держать

to keep

kept

kept

хранить

to know

knew

known

знать

to lay

laid

laid

класть

to lead

led

led

вести

to learn

learned, learnt

learned, learnt

учиться

to leave

left

left

оставлять

to lend

lent

lent

одолжать

to let

let

let

позволять

to lie

lay

lain

лежать

to lose

lost

lost

терять

to make

made

made

делать

to mean

meant

meant

значить

to meet

met

met

встречать

to pay

paid

paid

платить

to put

put

put

класть

to read

read

read

читать

to retell

retold

retold

пересказывать

to ring

rang

rung

звонить, звенеть

to run

ran

run

бежать

to say

said

said

говорить

to see

saw

seen

видеть

to sell

sold

sold

продавать

to send

sent

sent

посылать

to set

set

set

устанавливать

to show

showed

showed, shown

показывать

to sing

sang

sung

петь

to sit

sat

sat

сидеть

to sleep

slept

slept

спать

to speak

spoke

spoken

говорить

to spell

spelt, spelled

spelt, spelled

произносить по буквам

to spend

spent

spent

тратить

to stand

stood

stood

стоять

to take

took

taken

брать

to teach

taught

taught

обучать

to tell

told

told

рассказывать

to think

thought

thought

думать

to throw

threw

thrown

бросать

to understand

understood

understood

понимать

to upset

upset

upset

опрокидывать

to wear

wore

worn

носить

to win

won

won

выигрывать

to write

wrote

written

писать