1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:

   1. What is the role of geology in the extent and value of coal deposits discovery and determination?

   2. What are mining engineers capable of?

   3. What properties do geologists use in their search for coal?

   4. What is the essence of the electrical resistivity method?

   5. What is the essence of the magnetic method?

   6. What is the essence of the seismic method?

   7. What is the essence of the gravitational method?

2. Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие словосочетания из комментариев и переведите их письменно. Составьте свои предложения с этими словосочетаниями.

3. Совместите названия различных геологических местоположений с их определениями:

coal -field	a fracture in the earth’s crust resulting in the relative displacement and loss of continuity of the rocks on either side of it
dyke	a vertical or near-vertical wall-like body of igneous rock intruded into cracks in older rock
fault	a formation of stratified rock raised up, by folding, into a broad arch so that the strata slope down on both sides from a common crest
sill	any long narrow cleft or crack, especially in a rock
fissure	a downward fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope towards a vertical axis
anticline	an area that is rich in a combustible compact black or dark-brown carbonaceous rock
syncline	a flat usually horizontal mass of igneous rock, situated between two layers of older sedimentary rock, that was formed by an intrusion of magma

4. Соедините начальные части следующих предложений с конечными:

A significant role in the coal deposits discovery	surveyed almost in every country.
The coal was hunted after	has been widely applied when locating concealed faults and dykes.
The coal-fields have been geologically	have been achieved.
Mining engineers can determine	of various types of structure when searching for coal.
Amazing accomplishments in the realms of science	belongs to the geology.
The electrical resistivity method of geological surveying	in metalliferous prospecting carried out to locate iron ore rich in magnetite.
The electrical resistivity method	takes into account the difference in physical properties.
The magnetic method has a wide application field	what coal seams and might be under any given area.
The seismic method is specifically valuable	in nearly all geological formations.
The gravitational method is used in the investigation	when tracing buried features where geological evidence is narrow.

TEXT 10.2.

VOCABULARY WORK:

• Запомните следующие слова:

Научный вокабуляр:

folding ['fquldIN] - складчатое залегание; складчатость (о горных породах, пластах)

strike [straIk] of bed [bed] - открытие месторождения пласта

unconformity [‚Ankqn'fLmItI] - несогласное напластование

faulting ['fLltIN] - разрывное залегание горных пород

dip [dIp] - падение (жилы, пласта)

Общеязыковой вокабуляр:

photograph ['fqutq‚grRf] - снимать, фотографировать

permit [pq'mIt] - позволять

deduction [dI'dAkSn] - вывод, заключение

prior to ['praIq] - прежде чем

set out [‚set'aut] - приступать к

terrain [tq'reIn] - местность

large-scale ['lRG‚skeIl] – крупномасштабный

contour ['kOntuq] - очертание

conclusion [kqn'klHzn] - умозаключение, вывод

expose [Ik'spquz] - делать видимым, обнажать

discrimination [dI‚skrImI'neISn] - установление различий

simplify ['sImplI‚faI] - упрощать

discernible [dI'sE:nqbl] - видимый, различимый

• Прочтите следующий текст и переведите его:

Aerial Photography

The aerial photography still plays an essential part in surveying virgin coal-fields. Aerial photography makes it possible to photograph from the air unexplored unmapped regions and built up topographic maps. The aerial photographs permit to make direct deductions regarding the area geology, and in this way much important information can be obtained prior to ground parties setting out to map the new terrain.

Aerial photographs and geological maps are horizontal projections, consequently they are subject to the same interpretative projections treatment. That is why one cannot do without a proper understanding of the geological maps interpretation, prior to the aerial photographs study. Geological maps can be interpreted in two ways, either by relating the geological contacts to the topographic contours, or by studying the outcrop patterns. The latter method is more useful in studying large-scale reconnaissance maps, but both methods are necessary for detailed maps study.

In advantageous circumstances dip and strike of beds, folding, unconformity and faulting may be perceived and some conclusions may be drawn regarding the various rocks nature. In regions where the rocks are mostly exposed, discrimination between the various rock types is greatly simplified. In most parts of the world, though, there is some superficial cover on the bedrock. Where the soil is for the most part derived from the bedrock, different shades of soil from different beds may be discernible on the aerial photograph,

Different soils give rise to various natural vegetation, frequently accentuating tonal differences on the photographs.

Комментарии к тексту:

aerial ['eqrIql] photography [fq'tOgrqfI] - аэрофотосъёмка

virgin ['vE:GIn] coal-fields - неразрабатываемое месторождение угля

unexplored [‚AnIk'splLd] unmapped [An'mxpt] regions ['rJGqnz] - неисследованные, отсутствующие на карте области

topographic [‚taIpq'grxfIk] map - топографическая карта

horizontal [‚hOrI'zOntl] projection [prq'GekSn] - горизонтальная проекция

subject ['sAbGIkt] to - подлежащий

interpretative [In'tE:prI‚tqtIv] projections treatment ['trJtmqnt] - интерпретация проектов

one cannot ['kxnOt] do without [wID'aut]- невозможно обойтись без

the outcrop ['aut‚krOp] patterns ['pxtnz] - образцы выхода пласта на поверхность

reconnaissance [rI'kOnIsqns] map - карта предварительной разведки

in advantageous [‚xdvqn'teIGqs] circumstances ['sE:kqmstqnsIz] - в благоприятных условиях

superficial [‚sHpq'fISl] cover ['kAvq] - поверхностное покрытие

different ['dIfrqnt] shades [SeIdz] of soil - различные оттенки почвы

accentuating [xk'senCu‚eItIN] tonal [tqunl] differences ['dIfrqnsIz] - подчеркивая разницу в тонах

READING COMPREHENSION