6. Вставьте следующие слова в текст:

desert energy conditions fuel resources

territory exploiting conducted

Sources of Energy

The unconventional sources of … , solar and geothermal energy, wind and sea tides at present are not considerable enough in the world energy supply. The study is being … into the economic use of solar energy and its conversion into electric power in desert … . Nevertheless, the most potential trend in solar energy …, as the scientists believe, is the obtaining of hydrogen which is an excellent … . In the capacity of a fuel, hydrogen is ideal in … conditions, because its burning produces water. Using desert … is a very appealing idea, because nearly a quarter of all the Earth’s land … is desert.

7. Расскажите об основных источниках энергии, используя следующие глаголы:

to be made

to burn

to produce

to support

to generate

to keep

to be known

to combine

to discover

to exploit

to be concentrated

to release

to convert

to accumulate

to depend

to collect

to supply

TEXT 9.2.

VOCABULARY WORK:

• Запомните следующие слова:

Научный вокабуляр:

water ['wLtq] power ['pauq] - гидроэнергия

mudstone ['mAd‚stqun] - аргиллит; глинистая порода

lamination [‚lxmI'neISn] - слоистость

petroleum [pq'trqulIqm] - нефть

methane ['mJ‚TeIn] - метан

Общеязыковой вокабуляр:

mention ['menSn] - упоминать, ссылаться

leading ['lJdIN] - ведущий

latent ['leItnt] - скрытый, латентный

amass [q'mxs] - собираться, скапливаться

derive [dI'raIv] from - выводить

footprint ['fut‚prInt] - след, отпечаток ноги

dig [dIg] - копать, рыть

occasionally [q'keIZnqlI] - иногда, время от времени

gaseous ['gxsIqs] - газообразный

former ['fLmq] - первый (из двух упомянутых)

latter ['lxtq] - второй (из двух упомянутых)

obtain [qb'teIn] - получать; добывать

• Прочтите следующий текст и переведите его:

Fossil Fuels

As we have already mentioned, the leading energy sources in the present day are coal, oil, natural gas, atomic energy and water power (the power latent in a dynamic or static head of water as used to drive machinery, especially for generating electricity). Coal, gas and oil represent energy concentrated by the decay of such organic materials as plants and animals which were amassed in the geologic past. These fuels are generally known as fossil fuels.

The word “fossil” was derived from the Latin “fossilis” which meant “dug up” or from “fodere”, meaning “to dig”. In the beginning it was used with reference to anything dug from the ground, mostly a mineral. These days the term “fossil” in general means representation of an organism that existed in a past geological age, any direct evidence of past life, for instance, the ancient animals’ footprints. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks, although occasionally they can be found in igneous and metamorphic rocks as well. They are most plentiful in a mudstone, that is a dark grey clay rock similar to shale but with the lamination less well developed. Besides they are found in sandstone and dolomite as well as in conglomerate.

The majority of fossil fuels are carbon-containing materials that are burned in air. When burnt fuels release heat which is used for different purposes.

Fossil fuels may be solid, liquid and gaseous. Solid fuels are divided into two groups, natural and manufactured. The former group comprises peat, coal, wood and other plant products. The latter group includes coke and charcoal obtained by heating coal in the air absence. Liquid fuels are derivations from petroleum, that is a dark-coloured thick flammable crude oil occurring in sedimentary rocks around the Persian Gulf, in parts of North and South America, and below the North Sea, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons. The most important gaseous fuel are obtained from the natural gas, a gaseous mixture consisting mainly of methane trapped below ground.

Комментарии к тексту:

static ['stxtIk] head of water -статическая высота напора воды

drive [draIv] machinery [mx'SJnqrI] - управлять (машинным) оборудованием

natural ['nxCrql] and manufactured [‚mxnju'fxkCqd] - природный и промышленного производства

crude [krHd] oil [Oil] - сырая, неочищенная нефть

Persian Gulf ['pE:Zqn‚gAlf] - Персидский залив

READING COMPREHENSION