1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:

1. Why is sampling volcanic gases not a simple task?

2. What volcano helped to make a few generalizations?

3. How much steam was collected directly?

4. What was the steam composition?

5. How many gases were released for the duration of the erupted material cooling?

6. How much does water constitute?

2. Найдите в тексте предложения со словосочетаниями из комментариев и переведите их письменно. Составьте свои предложения с этими словосочетаниями.

3. Составьте предложения из следующих слов, руководствуясь правилом о порядке слов в английском повествовательном предложении:

   1. task, sampling, is, simple, gases, a, volcanic, not

   2. igneous, some, of, quantity, gases, heated, rock, any, yields

   3. steam, the, up, 70, gases, to, of, amounted, per cent, total, of, volume

   4. great, their, may, quantities, be, total

   5. nitrogen, sulphur, and, gases, in, were, abundance, discovered, carbon dioxide

4. Составьте интервью между журналистом и исследователем вулканов о работе вулканолога. Воспользуйтесь следующими фразами:

Situation	Journalist’s phrases	Volcanologist’s phrases
Greeting	How do you do? Nice to meet you. Let me to introduce … to you.	Pleased to meet you.
Asking questions	I’d like to know Could you tell me? Can you explain why
Telling the story		To begin (start) with After that / Then What’s more In addition Oh, I almost forgot At the end / Finally In short / In a word
Clarifying the situation	Excuse me for interrupting, but Do you mean to say So what you are saying is In other words If I understood you correctly
Stressing the most important point		The main thing is The most important thing is Don’t forget that The problem is
Thanking	Or, thank you so much for your most interesting story	It was my pleasure
Saying goodbye	Good bye	Good bye

5. Перескажите кратко содержание текста, используя следующие ключевые слова и выражения:

not a simple task

surrounding rock

a molten lava lake

total quantities

to range

to determine

can be drawn

to be discovered

to yield

estimates

UNIT 7

TEXT 7.1.

VOCABULARY WORK:

• Запомните следующие слова:

Научный вокабуляр:

gneiss [naIs] - гнейс

phyllite [fIlaIt] - филлит

orthoclase ['LTqu‚kleIs] - ортоклаз, калиевый полевой шпат

granite ['grxnIt] - гранит

schistose ['SIstqus] - сланцеватый; слоистый

Общеязыковой вокабуляр:

alter ['Lltq] - изменять; менять; видоизменять

considerably [kqn'sIdqrqblI] - значительно, существенно

cleave [klJv] - раскалываться

mineralogy [‚mInq'rxlqGI] - минералогия

predominantly [prI'dOmqnqntlI] - особенно, преимущественно

variable ['veqrIbl] - переменный

• Прочтите следующий текст и переведите его:

The Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic means altered considerably from the original structure and mineralogy by pressure and heat. Metamorphic rocks compose the third large rock family. Metamorphic shows that the original rock has been altered from its primary form to a new one. Earth pressure, heat and chemically active fluids beneath the earth’s surface all participate in new rocks formation. Different rocks in the earth’s crust may go through changes in structure, mineral composition and texture and may be transformed into metamorphic rocks. The process depicted is known as metamorphism, that is the process by which metamorphic rocks are formed.

Marble, quarts, gneiss, phyllite, slate and others belong to the same rock group. Having the same mineral composition as granite, gneiss consists predominantly of orthoclase, quarts and mica. Distinctly from granite, it has a schistose structure which means that its constituents are distributed in layers or bands and run parallel to one another in the same direction. When disturbed the rock cleaves easily into separate plates.

The water role in metamorphism is determined by four variable geologically related parameters: temperature, rock pressure, water pressure and the amount of water present.

Комментарии к тексту:

original [q'rIGInl] - structure исходная структура

distinctly [dI'stINktlI] from - отлично от

run parallel ['pxrqlql] - идут параллельно

READING COMPREHENSION