78. Find the equivalents.
Была названа в честь мореплавателя; способность людей делать хороший бизнес; сохранять, защищать и оборонять; самая впечатляющая достопримечательность города; самая эффектна деловая сделка всех времен; заселенный голландцами; захватил город, не сделав ни одного выстрела; ступил на землю; погребенный под поверхностью бесчисленных рек; вступил в гавань.
79. Read the following key words. Make sentences with the words given below.
April, 1524
other Europeans
a good deal
forty years later
in 1783 / April 30, 1789
a “city plan”
80. Answer the following grammar questions.
a) Найдите в тексте прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени. Назовите все сравнительные формы для каждого прилагательного:
Adjective, Comparative, Superlative.
б) Выпишите глаголы в Past Simple. Назовите их инфинитивы.
Past Simple |
Infinitive |
Past Simple |
Infinitive |
saw was …
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see be … |
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Write an annotation to the text.
82. Divide into micro groups. Give information about the history of one
of the following towns (5-6 sentences).
- Ангарск
- Шелихов
- Иркутск
- Братск
- Новосибирск
Mathematics
83. Translate the words to text № 84.
pick up make decision tremendous increase literacy achieve a range of extend human being invent / discover be versed insurance win the race |
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84. Read the text and explain what problem the text deals with. Maths in our Daily Life
Maths is everywhere. Without realising, we use maths every day, and it plays a part in nearly all our daily activities. Every time we pick up the phone, use the internet, manage money, decide to take a risk, check the weather report, go to the doctors or travel anywhere, maths plays its part.
Business and industry also need to make decisions about risk and chance and need mathematicians - or operational researchers - to help them with this. Developments over the past 20 years have led to a tremendous increase in the importance of mathematics in a growing number of occupations, and in daily life. As a result, the goal of achieving mathematical literacy for all citizens has become a national priority. By today's definition, mathematical literacy means that adults need to have a range of sophisticated mathematical knowledge and skills that extends far beyond basic calculation skills. There are actually thousands of different jobs that require some knowledge of mathematics
When you buy a car, follow a recipe, or decorate your home, you're using math principles. People have been using these same principles for thousands of years, across countries and continents. Whether you're sailing a boat off the coast of Japan or building a house in Peru, you're using math to get things done.
How can math be so universal? First, human beings didn't invent math concepts; we discovered them. Also, the language of math is numbers, not English or German or Russian. If we are well versed in this language of numbers, it can help us make important decisions and perform everyday tasks. Math can help us to shop wisely, buy the right insurance, remodel a home within a budget, understand population growth, or even bet on the horse with the best chance of winning the race.
85. Find the equivalents.
Принимать решение по поводу риска; растущее число профессий; проверять прогноз погоды; хорошо разбираться в языке чисел; использовать те же принципы; цель достижения математической грамотности; требовать знания; по сегодняшнему определению; понять рост населения; купить страховку.
86. Answer the following questions.
1. Call according to the text all the spheres of using maths in our daily life.
2. Why has achieving mathematical literacy for all citizens become a national priority?
3. How can maths be so universal?
4. How can maths help us in our life?
5. Where do you use mathematical knowledge in your life?
87. Answer the following grammar questions.
1. Подчеркните в тексте глаголы в следующих временных формах и объясните их употребление.
а) Present Continuous
b) Present Perfect
с) Present Perfect Continuous
d) Past Simple
2. Найдите в тексте все модальные глаголы.
88. Write an annotation to the text.
89. Translate the words to text № 90.
provide the foundation BC significance insert volume measurement prove the common belief occasion value make gain proof found |
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90. Read the text and explain what problem the text deals with.
Euclid
Euclid ['ju:klId] of Alexandria is one of the most important and influential mathematicians in history. Living in ancient Alexandria, he wrote The Elements, a geometry textbook used in some places until the twentieth century. His work in geometry provided the foundation on which all future mathematicians were educated.
For a man of such great significance to the world of mathematics, little is known about his actual life. Euclid is thought to have lived from 325-265 BC, mostly in Alexandria. He was taught at The Academy in Athens, founded by Plato, and probably tutored another great mathematician, Archimedes. Euclid also founded a great mathematics school in Alexandria. Much of the information we do have is from authors like Proclus who lived centuries later, writing about his books, not his life.
If little has ever been made of Euclid's life, then the opposite is true of his book. The Elements was used as the primary geometry resource for over 2000 years, and his lessons could still be used today. Although it contains 13 volumes, much of the work may not be Euclid's. Some of the chapters seem to be written with different styles, and others are geared for different ages, leading one to believe that he inserted other mathematicians' work into his own.
Each volume begins with pages of definitions and postulates, followed by his theorems. Euclid then proves each one of his theorems using the definitions and postulates, mathematically proving even the most obvious. His work was translated into Latin and Arabic, and was first printed in mass quantity in 1482, ten years before Columbus, but 1800 years AFTER it was written! From that point until the early 1900's, The Elements was considered by far the best geometry textbook in the world.
Although he may not have written The Elements entirely on his own, his other works are certainly his alone. Those include Data, Optics, Phaenomena, and On Division of Figures. His work in Data is probably the most famous of his smaller works, and focuses on finding certain measurements and quantities when others are given. Phaenomena is about planetary motions and Optics about perspectives. In Optics, Euclid attempts to prove the common belief of the time that sight was created by rays coming from the eye, rather than light entering the eye.
Euclid was apparently a kind, patient man, and did possess a sarcastic sense of humor. In fact, King Ptolemy once asked Euclid if there was an easier way to study math than learning all the theorems. Euclid then replied, "There is no royal road to geometry," and sent one of the most powerful kings of his time off to study. On another occasion, a student of his questioned the value of learning geometry, much like students today. Euclid responded by giving the small child a coin, saying that "he must make gain out of what he learns."
While students no longer read directly from his writing, the textbooks of today are still based on Euclidean proofs and theorems. Perhaps it is fitting, then, that Euclid is called "The Father of Geometry."
91. Find the equivalents.
Его уроки могли еще использоваться сегодня; влиятельный математик; фокусируется на нахождении определенных измерений; человек такой огромной значимости; после того как она была написана; владеть саркастическим чувством юмора; жить веками позже; включать работу других математиков; ценность изучения геометрии.
92. Answer the questions.
1. Why is Euclid one of the most important mathematicians in history?
2. What famous works did he write?
3. Did he write them on his own?
4. Who wrote mostly about Euclid’s life? What do we know about him?
5. What is the most important of his works? When was it printed? What does it include?
6. What character did Euclid have? There are some facts proving that, aren’t there?
93. Answer the following grammar questions.
1. Подчеркните в тексте глаголы в пассивном залоге. Определите время.
2. Выпишите прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени. Поставьте каждый из них в обе степени сравнения.
94. Think of a title to every paragraph of the text.
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95. Write an annotation to the text.
96. Write the names of famous mathematicians and their inventions (in English). Compare your ideas in the group.
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MUSIC
97. Translate the words to text № 98.
festival remarkable philharmonic symphony orchestra chorus syllabic folk represent associate refrain amateur bagpipe tabor fiddle concertina melodeon |
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