Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
ПОСОБИЕ_в_печать3.doc
Скачиваний:
5
Добавлен:
01.07.2025
Размер:
3.53 Mб
Скачать

Geography

  • 55. Translate the words to text № 56.

hillside shifts

slope

be injured

landslide

cause damage

become weakened

glacier

saturate the ground

earthquake

volcanic eruption

deposit

blasting operation

ore

waste piles

tumble down

be saturated with

flow

debris

collapse

flood

56. Read the text and give its main idea. Mudslide

A hillside shifts sending mud, rocks and trees rumbling down its slope. Homes and property are buried or swept away. People are left homeless, injured or even killed.

Worldwide, thousands of people die every year from land and mudslides. In the United Sates alone, land and mudslides cause an estimated $1 billion in damage and kill 25 to 50 people every year.  What Causes a Landslide?

First of all, a mudslide is one type of landslide. Steep hills and mountains are often the site of land and mudslides. Slopes on these hills and mountains become weakened by many things:

- erosion by rivers, glaciers or ocean waves

- fires leave slopes bare and vulnerable to rain

- heavy rain or snowmelt saturates the ground

- earthquakes weaken the structure of the slope - volcanic eruptions produce loose ashfall deposits and debris slopes

- traffic, blasting operations, machinery and even thunder can vibrate weak slopes

- the weight of snow, stockpiling of ore, waste piles, and even buildings can put stress on weak hillsides.

Once a slope is weakened, almost anything can set it off. Rain, earthquakes, and even blasting are common causes.

If the hillside is dry, dirt and rocks can tumble down the grade. If, however, the slope is saturated with water, a mudslide occurs. This more destructive flow can pick up rocks, trees, houses and cars. As the debris moves into river and stream beds, bridges can become blocked or even collapse, making a temporary dam that can flood neighbouring areas.

57. Find the equivalents.

Землетрясение ослабляет структуру склона, что является причиной оползней, если склон насыщен водой, создавая временную плотину, люди остаются без крова, затоплять соседние области, залежи руды, грязевой оползень причиняет, здания могут оказывать давление на слабые склоны.

58. Answer the following questions.

1. Why are landslides and mudslides dangerous?

2. What facts about the USA did you learn from the text?

3. Give a definition to the word “mudslide”.

4. Name the main reasons of this natural phenomenon.

5. What are the consequences of the landslide?

6. Can people do anything to prevent mudslides? Express your opinion.

59. Answer the following grammar questions.

a) Какое время чаще употребляется в тексте? Объясните, почему.

б) Найдите случаи употребления герундия.

в) Назовите модальные глаголы, употребленные в тексте.

60. Write an annotation to the text.

  • 61. Translate the words to text № 62.

upside-down

the farther .., the hotter …

lose bark / leaves

nowhere else in the world

platypi

rare birds

ancient stumps

desert sands

fossils

marine creatures

aboriginal tribes

clay pans

overall flatness

be cut off from

be settled by

it lacks sth

elevation

mountain chain