Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What do the functions of the internal walls depend on?

2. What general types of internal walls are there?

3. Why are load-bearing internal walls used in framed buildings?

4. What are the requirements for the non-loadbearing internal walls?

5. Why are special arrangements necessary in prefabricated partitions?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова. Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

rigidity (n.), bending moment, pipe (n.), socket (n.), wiring (n.), attachment (n.), attach (v.), sanitary (adj.), fire compartment.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:

разборная перегородка, в зависимости от, дополнительная нагрузка, в противном случае, воспринимать, несущая конструкция, функционально, только, стена жёсткости, уравновешивать, определённый, оказывать (действие), присоединять, часто, конструкционное требование, определять.

Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте термины, связанные с конструкцией внутренней стены: её особенностями и свойствами. Перечислите их и дайте перевод на русский язык.

Упражнение 4. Какие из указанных переводов слов являются ошибочными. Укажите правильный перевод.

Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:

Framing systems

The roof and the floors of buildings are generally (1)… by one of the three common framing (2)…: (a) bearing wall, (b) structural frame composed of beams and columns or slabs and columns, and (c) special long-span roof systems.

In bearing-wall construction, walls support the (3)… of the floor and roof beams and slabs in addition to enclosing (огораживать) (4)… space. The bearing wall can be made of bricks, concrete blocks, (5)… reinforced concrete, or precast concrete panels. (6)… bearing-wall construction is more common for one-family houses and some industrial buildings, reinforced (7)… bearing walls, commonly known as shear walls, are increasingly being used for tall buildings up to 75 (8)… .

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на герундий в функции определения.

1. Framed buildings normally have no walls designed for the specific purpose of transferring vertical loads.

2. Shear walls also perform a fire protection function of subdividing the building into fire compartments.

3. There are no reliable methods of estimating the degree of airborne sound conduction achieved by a wall.

4. Buildings have the advantage of being stiffened by the floors.

5. The purpose of using reinforcement in concrete is to increase its tensile strength.

6. Their structural potential of foundation wall is often used for additional purposes of distributing or equalizing the load.

7. Several techniques of placing the reinforcement have been developed.

8. Flexibility in altering and rearranging the services is essential.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, от каких слов и с помощью каких суффиксов образованы подчеркнутые прилагательные и наречия.

1. The more extensive use of steel in multi-storey buildings results from the ease of its use in construction.

2. There is the choice of fire resistant form of construction or a protective coating.

3. Fabrics require different methods of design.

4. The dimensional stability of a coated fabric depends mainly on the fibre.

5. Glass has hardness comparable with steel.

6. Shallow foundation having a relatively short distance below the ground surface transfer vertical loads by direct bearing on soil strata close to the bottom of the building.

7. Concrete roof is particularly suitable when relatively large loads have to be supported by the roof structure.

8. Demountable prefabricated panels have the general advantage of dry construction.

Упражнение 3. Работа в парах.

Студент C: Задайте 6 вопросов различных типов к тексту А.

Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C.

Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.

Текст B

INTERNAL WALLS REQUIREMENTS

Fire protection and sound insulation

Depending on the function it will be expected to perform in the case of a fire, the internal wall may have to be of fireproof construction to separate the building into fire compartments and to protect the escape routes. Most building regulations include the following requirements:

• Adequate fire protection and additional strength for compartment walls and staircases, described as 'protected shafts'

• Walls along escape routes should have adequate fire-retarding capacity.

• Double-leaf partitions can often be made to provide fire protection for structural steel components, if the leaves are of proper fireproof materials. Thus, floor beams may be protected in this way, if their spacing is the same as that of the partitions, the beams being incorporated within the latter. No suspended ceiling is needed, the partitions being extended to the bottom side of the floor slab.

After fire protection, sound insulation is the most important function of the internal wall, especially in providing insulation against airborne sound transmission from room to room. The degree of insulation provided by a single-layer wall depends on its weight; in the case of a multi-layer wall it depends also on the thickness and nature of the material of the outer leaves, the nature of the insulating material sandwiched between, and on the manner in which they are inter-connected. There are no reliable methods of estimating the degree of airborne sound conduction achieved by a wall.

Notes:

building regulations строительные нормы и правила

escape route путь эвакуации