Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What are the factors important in determining the span for the floor slab?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the use of lightweight concrete for floor slabs?

3. What does the degree of evenness of the structural floor depend on?

4. Why is the application of a screed required?

5. How are smaller tolerances obtained?

6. What should be done to achieve very high evenness of the structural floor?

7. How can watertightness of the structural floor be obtained?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова. Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

screed (n. ), tolerance (n. ), watertight (adj. ), covering (n. ), dimensional tolerance, permissible (adj. ), inherent (adj. ), compact (v. ), trough (n. ), construction joint, structural floor, mould (n. ), finishing (n. ), spacing (n. ), requirement (n. ).

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:

соответствовать, операция, сокращать, легкий бетон, нагрузка, более того, огнезащита, как, балка перекрытия, уплотнять, водонепроницаемый, ширина, постоянная опалубка, получать, главный, сборный бетон.

Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте термины, связанные с проектированием и возведением перекрытий. Перечислите их и дайте перевод на русский язык.

Упражнение 4. Какие из указанных переводов слов являются ошибочными. Укажите правильный перевод.

Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:

(Продолжение. Начало в упражнении 5 урока 2.7, стр.42 )

1. In one kind of construction, blocks of materials such as brick, stone, or (1)… are joined together to form (2)… walls. These materials are heavy, however they have high (3)… strength. Walls made up of blocks support the building and divide the space in the (4)… .

2. In another type of construction, sheet materials (листовой материал) are used to (5)… walls which act as both space-dividers and structural support. Timber, concrete and some (6)… can be made into large rigid sheets and (7)… to form a building.

3. Rod materials (8)… used for structural support but not for dividing spaces. Timber, steel and concrete can be formed into rods and used (9)… columns. Rod materials with high tensile and compressive (10)… can be fixed together to form framed structures.

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на герундий в функции подлежащего.

1. Spacing of the floor beams is determined by the maximum permissible transportable width of the precast concrete units.

2. Welding or bolting of steel components produces high strength connections.

3. Altering the internal layout involves dismantling and re-erecting the partitions.

4. Applying long term loads may cause sagging of timber beams due to creep.

5. Stiffening with the help of lattice bracing or solid diaphragm walls results in fixed points in the building.

6. The spacing of the supports determines the spans of the floor structure and therefore its construction depth.

7. Mixing aggregates, cement and water followed by curing produces the hardened concrete.

8. Although bulk costs of metal are higher than those of most other materials building of steel is still reasonable.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие глаголы.

Образуйте от них глаголы с помощью приставки re- , означающей повторное действие. Переведите полученные производные слова.

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, от каких слов и с помощью каких суффиксов образованы подчеркнутые существительные.

1. The thickness of the concrete slab depends on such requirements as sound insulation and fire protection.

2. The dimensional tolerances inherent in the construction of an in-situ concrete floor require the application of a screed as a preliminary finishing layer over the slab.

3. The most popular thermosetting plastic in use in the construction industry, due to its cost, strength, relative hardness and toughness, is fibreglass reinforced polyester.

4. It can be easily adapted to changing requirements.

5. Folding screens can be moved by the users of the building themselves.

6. Steel loses strength and stiffness at high temperatures.

Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите функции неличных форм глагола.

1. Admixtures are available to retard the setting of the wet concrete and this can be used in hot weather to prevent a premature set.

2. The material may fail by breaking or by excessive deformation.

3. A structural member made this way is called a glu-lam member.

4. A building used by people must be kept warmer than the surrounding air in cold climates and cooler than the surrounding air in hot climates.

5. Since the structures designed by civil engineers are intended to be stationary or stable, these forces must be kept in balance.

6. Longitudinal reinforcing has been selected on the basis of providing minimal shrinkage.

7. To reduce weight the slab may be formed with internal cavities or composed of ribs joined together by a thin top layer of concrete, the latter being described as a waffle slab.

8. All buildings have to be stiffened to resist wind loading.

9. The load transmission conditions being approximately the same in both directions, a planning grid is adopted this being typical of in-situ-concrete construction.

10. The joints may be sealed by binding the precast concrete floor units together with a special adhesive mortar.

Упражнение 5. Задайте три вопроса к подлежащему, три – к определению подлежащего и три разделительных вопроса к тексту А.

Текст B

FLOOR REQUIREMENTS (continued)

Sound insulation In modern high-rise buildings, where many people have to live or work most of their time acoustic insulation is a very important factor. The floor must provide the necessary insulation against airborne noise and footstep sound. Speaking about this acoustic function, the floor comprises one or more layers:

The single-layer floor comprises only the structural floor.

The two-layer floor comprises the structural floor and a surfacing separated from it by a resilient insulating material classified as floating floor. A two-layer floor may consist of the structural floor with a suspended ceiling fitted below.

The three layer floor is a combination of the two latter forms of construction that is a floating floor with a suspended ceiling.

Fire protection The fire resistance of a floor required can be achieved in various ways:

• for the floor slab itself: choice of a fire-resistant form of construction or a protective coating or finish;

• for the steel beams: sprayed protection or cladding;

• as an alternative, the floor structure as a whole may be encased.

Heat insulation If a floor separates a heated storey from one that is not heated, it should comprise a heat-insulating layer, which is not needed if the storeys above and below the floor are both heated. Terraces should be heat-insulated on the same principles as for flat roofs.

Notes:

airborne noise воздушный шум

floating floor плавающий пол

footstep sound звук шагов

heat v. нагревать

as a whole в целом