Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. Which functions do floor systems perform?

2. When is cast-in-place slab floor system used?

3. When are precast prestressed tees used?

4. Why must cast-in-place topping slab be thick?

5. What is the reason for the use of steel bar joists?

6. What are the advantages of a lift-on slab?

Грамматическое упражнение

Упражнение 1. Найдите в тексте неличные формы глагола, определите, какими частями речи они являются, какую функцию выполняют в предложении, и переведите их на русский язык.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

irregular (adj. ), tee (n.), floor deck, diaphragm (n. ), topping (n. ), deck (n. ), shear wall, finish (n. ).

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

stable adj. - stability n.

finish n. - finish v.

Урок 2.8 Фонетическое задание

Прочитайте транскрипцию в списке A, соотнесите её с соответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

A

[kqm'pxkt]; ['tPlqrqns]; [skrJd]; [rI'kwaIqmqnt]; ['wLtqtaIt]; [In'hIqrqnt]; [mqVld]; [pq'mIsIbql]; [trPf]; ['kAvqrIN]; ['speIsIN]; [prI'lImInqrI]; [qb'teIn]; ['stxndqdaIzd]

B

Текст A

FLOOR REQUIREMENTS

The floor must be designed considering all the functions it will be required to perform. The following factors are important in determining the span to be adopted for the floor slab:

• The span of the slab should fit in with the dimensions of the planning grid for the building.

• The thickness of the concrete slab depends not only on structural factors, but also on such requirements as sound insulation and fire protection.

• The spacing of the floor beams is determined by the maximum permissible width necessary for transportation of the precast concrete units, the main joints of which are parallel to these floor beams.

Lightweight concrete used either as a filler material or as a structural material, reduces the weight of the floor. However, it may involve some loss of sound insulation and fire protection. Furthermore, with long spans and heavy loads, the weight advantage of lightweight concrete may be reduced because deeper sections are necessary.

The degree of evenness of the surface of the structural floor depends on the method of construction. The dimensional tolerances inherent in the construction of an in-situ concrete floor require the application of a screed as a preliminary finishing layer over the slab. Smaller tolerances are obtained when in-situ concrete is placed on permanent formwork, such as precast concrete units or steel troughs. A floor composed of precast concrete units generally requires only a very thin screed. If these units are precast in standardised steel moulds, a surface of such evenness can be obtained that the floor covering may be laid directly upon the structural floor.

Normally, a steel floor cannot be considered as watertight. To make it watertight an in-situ concrete floor should be laid in one continuous operation, without construction joints, and the concrete itself should be of good quality and well compacted.

Notes:

evenness n. ровность (поверхности)

preliminary adj. предварительный