Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What does the economy of the structure depend on?

2. What does the space required for services influence?

3. What are the features of floor without steel beams?

4. What are the features of floors with one-way beam systems?

5. What are the features of floors with beams in two directions?

6. When is a third set of members used?

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Найдите в тексте инфинитивы и переведите их на русский язык.

Упражнение 2. Найдите в тексте причастия и переведите их на русский язык.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

grid (n.), lattice girder, route (n.), corner (n.), in turn, secondary beam.

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

characteristic n. - characteristic adj.

space n. - space v.

thick adj. - thickness n.

Урок 2.7 Фонетическое задание

Прочитайте транскрипцию в списке A, соотнесите её с соответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

A

[q'GeIsqnt]; ['sentq]; [graVt]; ['sJkwqns]; [Im'bed]; ['dxmIG]; ["Intq'fIq]; [q'pIq]; [prq'sJGq]; [I'fISqnt]; [prI'saIslI]; [q'kAmplIS]; [tek'nJk]; ['daVql]

B

Текст A

SETTING THE FLOOR SLABS

With any construction technique, problems often appear and procedures have to be developed which can overcome these in a practical and efficient way. This has been the same in the case of high-rise buildings. Often, different methods are adaptable to the same situation.

Several techniques have been developed for placing the reinforcement as well as grouting. One sequence involves laying walls to storey height and placing the slabs on the ungrouted masonry. Then the vertical reinforcement is placed into the block cells, ensuring that it projects above the finished floor slab to serve as dowels for the next storey walls. This is a very efficient method, but the unreinforced wall possesses relatively little stability and can be easily damaged when the floor slabs are being placed on it. A safer method involves building the masonry walls to full height with the reinforcement located in the walls as the masonry units (brick or block) are laid up. Grouting is then accomplished in full-storey height lifts. The dowels projecting above the slab must be precisely centred in the wall so that when the slabs are lowered into position, the projecting dowels do not interfere with them.

In another procedure, the grouting is stopped a short distance below the floor line, dowels are placed in the grout space, and this space is solid grouted after the slabs have been positioned. Thus, the slabs can be placed without dowels positioned earlier interfering. This method also possesses the advantage that it is easier to place the bond beam steel at the top of the wall. The steel extending along the wall at the floor slab level serves to tie all the slabs together. Another method of tying the slabs together lies through the use of weld plates embedded in the slabs so that the weld plates can be used as splices to adjacent panels, tying them together directly.

Notes:

bond beam steel крепёжная арматура железобетонной балки

cell n.1 секция, камера

grout n. жидкий строительный раствор

grouting n. заливка строительного раствора

interfere v. мешать, сталкиваться

ungrouted masonry колодцевая кладка без заполнения пустот строительным раствором

weld plate сварная пластина