- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study the word list:
- •II. Read and translate the text. What is Life?
- •III. What is missing? Find the words in reading:
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •Grammar and speaking:
- •III. Compare two Voices and translate sentences:
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Read the text below. Are Viruses Alive?
- •II. Take part in the discussion of the virus role for the disease origin. Listening and Speaking
- •1. Listen and answer the questions: Text 3 What is life? The physicist who sparked a revolution in biology
- •Test yourself
- •Exams situation
- •4. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Remember the combination in order to write and speak correctly:
- •Over to you
- •Reading and writing Academic style. Structure and Cohesion
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study wordlist
- •I. Read and translate the text. Preface
- •II. What is missing? Find the words in reading:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Choose the correct answer:
- •V. Grammar and speaking:
- •Vocabulary to the text below
- •The role of theory in question formulation
- •Reading and speaking
- •1. Here are some brief biographies of the prominent scientists. Read and translate them.
- •2. Ask questions to each other about biography. Reading and writing
- •Listening and speaking
- •I. Fill each gap using one of the following auxiliary verbs. They may be used in more than one place.
- •Inventions: antibiotics
- •II. Before watching study the new vocabulary:
- •III. After watching answer the following questions:
- •Discussion
- •IV. Write a brief summary of the text.
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •II. Take part in the discussion of recent advances in clinical biology based on the text:
- •Plenary Lecture 15
- •Role of Professional Antigen Presenting Cells in the Genesis of Immune Response to Protein Therapeutics
- •Dr. Suryararathi Dasgupta
- •III. What are the main advances? Express your opinion using phrases: It’s rather surprising, I wonder about, I’d like to stress. Test yourself
- •2. Read, translate sentences. Find the verbs in Active and Passive Voice:
- •3. Read the text. Define the verbs used in different Tenses. How are processes and procedures described.
- •Exams situation
- •Lesson 3 Topic: Teaching activity of a scientist
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study the wordlist:
- •II. Read and translate the text. Medical student education in the United States of America
- •III. Answer the questions?
- •IV. Try to activate the new vocabulary in the following tasks:
- •V. Pay attention to different cases of using words:
- •23 Cases of using ‘hands-on’ from 118. Try to choose the meaning:
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Department Obstetrics Gynecology
- •IV. Read the text. What means of teaching are used?
- •Types of examination
- •V. Discuss the process of teaching and learning. Reading and speaking
- •Listening and writing
- •I. Try to understand the text and answer questions.
- •II. Listen to the text writing down English equivalents for the following Russian words and expressions.
- •III. Write down the main idea of the report.
- •Over to you Exam’s situation
- •Lesson 4 Topic: Curriculum Development. Curriculum Overview and Organisation
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study the wordlist:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •V. Pay attention to the importance of words and collocation.
- •VI. Try to use the new vocabulary in your own sentences and questions. Grammar and speaking
- •I. Some information about future tenses:
- •II. Pay attention to the use of the future construction. Compose your own sentences.
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Read and translate the text. Dmd Programm
- •II. Read the sentences in the text which imply the ideas:
- •Listening and speaking
- •Reading and writing Some common types of error
- •Comparative constructions
- •Showing non-equivalence
- •Over to you
- •Exams situation
- •Lesson 5 Topic: Specialities. How to become a good specialist and to develop professional experience?
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Study the text. Choosing a specialty
- •III. Here is a random selection of more than 20 solutions from the 4864 found. Translate them.
- •Grammar and speaking
- •II. Look through the text. How possibility, capacity or ability, impossibility, probability, opinions, volition wanting are expressed?
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Look through the lists of qualifications.
- •Listening and writing
- •Writing tips
- •III. Read the following notes and write a reply of around 200 words.
- •Exam’s situation
- •Lesson 6 Topic: Recent advances in medicine. Narrow field of investigation.
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •1. Read and translate the text from the field of recent advances in clinical medicine.
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Reading and speaking
- •1. Read and translate the text from the section. “Recent advances in clinical medicine”:
- •2. Use the following words in sentences of your own:
- •III. Comment on the basic points of the text using phrases:
- •IV. Give more information on the medical problems highlighted in the text. Reading and writting
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •I. Write a brief summary of the text
- •II. Translate the following statements and share your opinion on them.
- •III. Translate the abstract.
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •2. Read and try to remember.
- •3. Complete the table with words from a and b opposite. The first one has been done for you.
- •4. Make word combinations using a word from each box. Look at b and c opposite to help you.
- •5. Complete the conversation. Look at b opposite to help you.
- •6. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Look at b and c opposite to help you.
- •Remember the vocabulary:
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Shall and should in use
- •Reading and speaking
- •Reading and writing
- •Over to you:
- •Lesson 8 Topic: Symptoms and signs. Diagnosis and treatment
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •1. Read and translate the text The Pancreas and Diabetes
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Grammar in Use. Passives and pseudo-passives
- •Reading and speaking
- •1. Pay attention to the ways of describing problems:
- •Reading and writing
- •Lesson 9 medical recent techniques
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •1. Read and translate the text. Therapeutic Angiogenesis: How Does it Work?
- •Grammar and speaking Position of adverb (grammar in use). Infinitive
- •Introduction
- •Listening and speaking Angiogenesis
- •Reading and writing
- •Case Study 16-3: Diabetes Treatment with an Insulin Pump
- •2. Case study questions
- •Lesson 10 How to start a research. Types of studies. Areas of medical researches in medicine
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •Variables
- •II. Complete the table with words:
- •III. Complete the sentences with a word from the text.
- •Grammar and speaking
- •4. The construction “rather than” is translated as «а не».
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Read and try to understand the text “All about clinical trials”. All About Clinical Trials
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Write down English equivalents:
- •I. Try to learn the given abstract by heart.
- •II. Write down the algorithm of the research being undertaken. Reading and writing
- •IV. Write a brief summary of the text.
- •V. There are the following means of data presentation:
- •VI. Some people feel that approximating is unscientific. What do you think?
- •VII. Line graphs. Pie charts:
- •VIII. Practise describing the chart. Medical research
- •Over to you
Клинг В.И.
ПОСОБИЕ ПО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМУ
ОБЩЕНИЮ ДЛЯ АСПИРАНТОВ
I ЧАСТЬ
5 уроков
Барнаул, 2013
Kling W.I.
ENGLISH FOR POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS
(INTERMEDIATE-UPPER INTERMEDIATE)
Barnaul, 2013
LESSON 1
Topic: What is life?
Vocabulary and reading
I. Read and study the word list:
development – развитие
move on – перейти к чему-либо
call – называть
compose of – состоять из
contain – содержать
distinction – отличие
mean – означать, means, by means of …
pertinent – уместный, имеющий отношение, насущный
display – проявить
design – определять
heredity – наследственный, наследственность
inherit - передавать по наследству
environment – окружение, среда
evolve – развивать(ся)
maintain - сохранять, удерживать
all matter - тем не менее
carry out - доводить до конца
trait - след
II. Read and translate the text. What is Life?
Before moving on to the development of microscopic organisms on Earth, we must first describe the characteristics of life. All matter, both living and non-living, is composed of miniature chemical building blocks called atoms. Your body contains billions of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon atoms. The computer you are looking at is also composed of billions of various atoms. However, there is a very important distinction between yourself and your computer – you are alive.
What is life? What does it mean do be alive? How is something made “living”? These are all pertinent questions when discussing the origin of life. Scientists have identified seven basic characteristics of life. For something to be described as living, that something must display all seven of these characteristics. Although many different people have many different opinions about what “living” means, the following characteristics were designated “characteristics of living things” with the consensus of the scientific community.
III. What is missing? Find the words in reading:
1. Before _______ to the development of microscopic organisms on Earth we must first describe the characteristics of life. 2. Your body ______ billions of hydrogen oxygen atoms. 3. The computer is also _____ of various atoms. 4. There is a very important _____ . 5. What does it _____ to be alive? 6. Something must _____ all seven of these characteristics. 7. The following “characteristics of living things”_______? 8. Living organism _____ traits from the present organisms. 9. All living things respond to stimuli in their _____ .
IV. Answer the questions:
1. What is it necessary to do before moving on to the development of life?
2. What is both living and non-living composed of?
3. What does your body composed of?
4. What does it mean to be alive?
5. What have scientists identified?
6. What are the characteristics of living things?
Grammar and speaking:
The verb “to be”; to be-construction, third person singular of a verb in Present Indefinite; types of questions; Active Voice and Passive.
I. Find examples of Indefinite Active and Past Indefinite Passive in the text about life.
II. Find in the text the forms of the verb “to be” and use them in your own sentences.
III. Compare two Voices and translate sentences:
1. Several recent studies showed a connection between stress and illness.
2. Cellular responses center around the activities of T-lymphocytes.
3. Lack of sufficient insulin results in diabetes.
4. People vary in their reaction to different antigens.
5. The surgeon is assisted by a large staff.
6. The first heart sound is followed after a short pause by the second.
7. Local inflammation is followed by various reactions in other parts of the body.
8. Quinine was formerly used to treat the fever symptoms of malaria, but it is not often used now because of its side-effects.
9. Normal fibrous tissue is replaced by adipose tissue when more food is eaten than is necessary.
IV. Work in pairs. Read the characteristics of life and ask questions.
V. Take part in the discussion according to the situation given.
Using the characteristics in ex 3, one can categorize things as living or non-living. Imagine if you were a biologist who had never been to Earth before. You have been sent on a mission to determine whether these things called “trees” are alive. How do trees satisfy the seven characteristics of living things?
1. …Are Composed of Cells. Cells are the basic components of all living things. Some organisms are single- celled, like bacteria, or multi-celled, like humans.
2. … Require Energy. Living organisms require energy, usually in the form of ATP. They use this energy-requiring activities such as metabolism and locomotion.
3. … Reproduce. All living organisms reproduce, either by sexual or asexual means.
4. … Display Heredity. Living organisms inherit traits from the parent organisms that created them.
5. …Respond to Stimuli. All living things respond to stimuli in their environment.
6. …Evolve and Adapt. Living organisms adapt to their environment and evolve.
7. … Maintain Homeostasis. All living things maintain a state of internal balance.