2.14 Part 14

2.14.1 Remember pronunciation of the following words

essential, simultaneously, antenna, successfully, carrier, emphasis, vehicle, control, ferrite n, control v, array, waveguide, interface.

2. Read the words, pay attention to stress shift

operate — operation; determine — determination; electron — electronic; parameter — parametric; stable — stability; active — activity; definite — definition; filament — filamentary.

2. Remember the terms

electronic scan (scanning) — электронное сканирование

RF = radio-frequency — высокочастотный

phase-phase scanning — сканирование фаза — фаза

phase-frequency scanning — сканирование фаза — частота

drive power — мощность возбуждения, мощность «раскачки»

MAR (multifunctioning array radar) — многофункциональная PJIC с

фазируемой антенной решеткой

high failure rate — высокая степень аварийности

phase shifter — фазовращатель

discrete shift — дискретный сдвиг (фазы)

guide — волновод

digital circuits — цифровое вычислительное устройство digital computer — цифровая вычислительная машина

2. Find Russian equivalents to the English words

radio frequency losses волновод

ferrite сканирование фаза — фаза

high failure rate система сканирования

ground radar канирование фаза — частота

scanning system наземный радар

digital computer феррит

phase-phase scanning высокая степень аварийности

phase-frequency scanning высокочастотные потери

phase shifter цифровая вычислительная машина

guide фазовращатель

2. Find synonyms, translate them

operate v, simultaneously adv, principal a, to make use of v, change v, essential a, remain v, close to adv, quickly adv, enormous a, chief a, to apply v, tremendous a, work v, at the same time, next to adv, vary v, rapidly adv, important a, stay v.

2. Find antonyms, translate them

appearance n, lose v, high a, successfully adv, better a, stable a, natural a, conductor n, charge v, useful a, useless a, insulator n, discharge v, unstable a, disappearance n, find v, unsuccessfully adv, worse a, low a, artificial a.

2. Remember the terms

mode — режим

digital latching phase shifter — фазовращатель с цифровым управлением

phase-phase array — цифровая схема решетка — фаза —фаза

digital phase shifter — цифровой фазовращатель

phase shift setting — установка фазовращателя

analogue phase shifter — аналоговый фазовращатель

natural interface — естественная стыковка set — комплект

2. Define the tense and voice of the predicate in the first sentence (paragraph 3). Find adjectives in the comparative degree and give two other degrees

3. Read a question for each paragraph, find answers in the text

l.When is electronic movement of the radar beam essential? 2. In what radars has electronic scan beam successfully used? 3. What scanning is being applied for these systems 4. What constitutes a digital phase shifter?

ELECTRONIC SCAN

1. Electronic movement of the radar beam is essential when the radar must operate in many modes simultaneously Another principal reason for going to electronic scan is the high failure rate of mechanically scanned antennas.

2. For some time now, electronic scan has been used sue successfully in large ground radars like the Nike MAR and aboard large ships, as in the Hughes radars on the carrier Enterprise The emphasis therefore has switched to a search for simpler lighter scanning systems for use on small ships, in air craft, and on the battlefield, where the radar must be transported by motor vehicle or even by men on foot.

3. Both phase-phase scanning and phase-frequency scanning are being applied for these systems. For either type o scan, better ferrite phase shifters are needed that have greater power handling ability, lower RF losses, and better temperature stability, require less drive power, and cost less since even a small phase-phase array uses several thousand phase shifters, the cost factor is anything but negligible

4. A very important development has been the appearance of digital latching phase shifters. These devices use ferrite elements in waveguides that can be switched from one saturation state to the other by a video pulse and remain in the new state between pulses. The result is a discrete shift in the phase of microwave energy passing through the guide. A set of such elements on a single guide constitutes a digital phase shifter, which can be controlled directly by digital circuits, so that there is a natural interface with the digital computer controlling the radar. The drive power required to change the phase shift setting is much less than that required by analogue phase shifters.

2. Translate the word-combinations

radar beam, electronic scan, high failure rate, ground radar, multifunctioning array radar, phase-phase scanning, phase-frequency scanning, ferrite phase shifters, power han­dling ability, drive power, digital computer, digital latching phase shifters, waveguide, discrete shift, digital phase shifter, digital circuits, analogue phase shifter.

2. Answer the questions

1. What is essential when radars must operate in many modes simultaneously? 2. What is another principal reason for going to electronic scan? 3. Where has electronic scan been used successfully? 4. How can radars be transported? 5. What is needed for either type of scanning? 6. What devices use ferrite elements in waveguides? 7. How can they be switched?

2. Translate the words into Russian

amplify, amplifier, amplification; oscillate, oscillation, oscillator; rectify, rectifier, rectification; simultaneous, simultaneously; shift, shifter; require, requirement; appear, appearance; saturate, saturation; direct, directly, direction; control, controller.

2. Translate the sentences

1. We know electronic movement of the radar beam to be essential when the radar must operate in many modes simultaneously. 2. Electronic scan is known to have been used successfully in large ground radars. 3. Simpler lighter scanning systems to be used on small ships, in aircraft have radars which may be transported even by men on foot.

2. Form the word-combinations

as far as 1) radars is concerned

2. electronic scan are concerned

3. phase-phase scanning

4. better ferrite phase shifters

5. digital circuits

6. small phase-phase array