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2. Find Russian equivalents to the following expressions:

powerful agent of botulism; food poisoning; causing generalized paralysis; causes a local immobilization of muscle movement; muscle behavioral training; prevents "crinkling" and "wrinkle" lines from forming; to achieve a more lasting effect.

4). Dermabrasion

Dermabrasion is a treatment with many applications in dermatology and dermatologic surgery, from removal or reduction of acne and chicken pox scars to facial skin rejuvenation. The procedure, sometimes called surgical skin planing, consists of planing off the surface layer of skin with a rapidly rotating brush. The planing action removes the skin surface, and a new layer of skin grows to replace the skin removed. The principal after-effect is redness of the skin similar to severe sunburn; medications are prescribed to alleviate discomfort. Healing usually is complete in about 10 days. Patients must avoid sunlight for 3 to 6 months after treatment. A technique that removes less surface skin is called microdermabrasion; it is used most often for superficial skin defects and may be repeated at intervals.

Each potential candidate for dermabrasion needs thorough evaluation by a dermatologist to make certain that dermabrasion is the correct procedure for that individual and that the patient fully understands possible after-effects. For example, pigmented skin may be permanently lightened in the area of dermabrasion, and a person prone to form keloids after skin injury could be at risk for scarring. Post-procedure treatments are available to minimize most after-effects. Dermabrasion may be combined with other procedures such as soft-tissue augmentation to maximize effectiveness.

2. Find Russian equivalents to the following expressions:

sagging of the skin, the superficial removal of dead skin cells, a worthwhile anti aging regime, one of the main factors in delaying the aging process, may also be beneficial, to seek advice, to advise before purchase, make-up includes sun block, impossible to stop the natural aging process, however it is possible to delay it.

3. Find English equivalents to the following expressions in the text:

многоцелевая процедура, применяемая в дерматологии; омоложение кожи лица; хирургическое выравнивание кожи; снятие верхнего слоя кожи; быстро вращающаяся щётка; похож на сильный солнечный ожог; снять неприятные ощущения; избегать солнечных лучей; осознаёт в полной мере возможные осложнения; склонный к образованию коллоидной ткани; образование шрамов; чтобы повысить эффективность.

4. Make the annotation to the text/ using following questions:

  1. What can dermabrasion be applied in dermatology and dermatologic surgery for?

  2. What does the procedure consist of?

  3. What instrument is used?

  4. What is the effect of this procedure?

  5. What is the principal after-effect of it?

  6. What kind of other procedures may dermabrasion be combined with to maximize effectiveness?

5). Laser Skin Resurfacing

The use of lasers in dermatology has advanced rapidly over the past 30 years. Today, lasers have a broad range of dermatologic applications, including:

  • removal or improvement of wrinkles, lines and other effects of aging and photoaging

  • treatment of superficial brown pigmented lesions such as age spots, and deep pigmented lesions such as port wine stains and birthmarks

  • removal or improvement of scars

  • removal of some skin cancers

  • removal or improvement of vascular moles

  • removal of tattoos

  • removal of warts

  • removal of unwanted hair

The principal applications of lasers in facial skin rejuvenation are reduction or removal of wrinkles, lines and age spots, to "resurface" the skin.

The laser (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a "light pump".  It applies principles of radiation physics to narrowly segregate light of selected wavelength and "pump" the light radiation to high intensity. These beams of selected wavelength can be varied in intensity and in the duration of emitted pulses.

For example, powerful, rapid pulses of the infrared-wavelength carbon dioxide laser can vaporize targeted skin. The pulses of the carbon dioxide laser can be directed toward resurfacing skin without bleeding. The benefits of laser skin resurfacing include bloodlessness, plus:

  • reduced risk of infection

  • precisely controlled surgical effects

  • one-day outpatient treatment in many instances

After-effects and recovery times vary with different laser procedures. A dermatologist will explain the risks, after-effects and benefits of recommended procedures.

Lasers are powerful instruments and laser surgery should be performed only by a dermatologist or dermatologic surgeon with experience in the procedure.