- •Introduction
- •1 10 100 1000 Particle size, d (mm)
- •Information
- •Van Tubergen et al.183 Cuperus et al.213
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Adapted from Juniper5 and Beckmann et al.45
aGlorius et al 40
bIbbetson and Wengenroth174: For calorific values not stated: (1) if gross or net; nor (2) the basis (ar/d/daf). cBreuer88: General SRF production specification (common for both cement kilns and power plants)
‘Van Tubergen et al.183,184: Safety margin exists for all Hg and Cd classes and 100% fuel substitution was assumed in calculations. Actual air emissions л;0 be determined also by raw fuel properties, fuel mix, and transfer coefficients of each specific technology. For hard coal WBB power plant conservative calculations apply, because of limited database. Relevant specific notes:
1Unclear whether it constitutes disposal or recycling by on-land application.
after (posttreatment) the core biological unit. The throughput rate of individual processing lines of MBT plants is in the range of 20-30 tonnes h-1.64 In some instances, mechanical units form part of the core biological step; for example, bucket wheels used for turning at in-vessel composting systems.
The key objectives for mechanical unit operations are to5,13 (1) prepare the input waste for the core biological treatment unit (preconditioning);
1 ^Mean values; there is no maximum value for NCV if used in clinker kiln.
tci specification depends on the composition of the input; for example, K, Na content.
ttThe maximum values vary for different companies. Mean and max. values are close for a specific end-user.
tttThe Cl concentration of the total fuel mix should be kept <0.2-0.4% to prevent high-temperature corrosion. The maximum allowable Cl% (depends on the design and materials chosen): The Netherlands (usually) 0.2%; UK 0.4% (plants are designed for coal with a high Cl content).
eEckardt and Albers4^: Data from end-user requirements. Basis for calorific values not stated (ar/d/daf). Relevant specific notes:
Readings from graph.
2General category of power plants.
3General category for FBC monocombustion.