Ex.99. Simple Past / Present Perfect. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"

B: I don't know. I ………….. (see, never) that movie.

2. Sam ………… (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I …………. (know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He …………. (write) ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I ………… (have, not) this much fun since I ………. (be) a kid.

6. Things …………… (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first ……….. (start) working here three years ago, the company …………… (have, only) six employees. Since then, we ………….. (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers. 7. I ……….. (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he ………… (wander) off into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you ………….. (miss) the bus this morning. You ………. (be) late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he …………. (see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George ………… (dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He …………… (see, never) the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling ………….. (become) much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it …………… (take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip ……………. (be) very rough and often dangerous. Things …………….. (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you …………… (change) since the last time I …………… (see) you. You ………… (grow) at least a foot!

13. This tree ……………. (be) planted by the settlers who …………… (found) our city over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain ………...... (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers ……………. (try) to reach the top, but nobody …………….. (succeed, ever). The climb is extremely difficult and many people ……………. (die) trying to reach the summit.

15. I …………….. (visit, never) Africa, but I ……………. (travel) to South America several times. The last time I ………….. (go) to South America, I ………….. (visit) Brazil and Peru. I …………… (spend) two weeks in the Amazon, ………….. (hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and ………….. (fly) over the Nazca Lines.

Ex. 100. Simple Past / Present Perfect. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) ………………… a great deal. The first computers (be) ………………. simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) …………… much memory and they (be, not) …………………… very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) …………………….. thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) …………………. very little. Most computers (be) ……………….. separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.

Times (change)……………….. . Computers (become) ………………. powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) ………………. a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) ……………… faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) …………………. on the Internet and (begin) ……………….. communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) ………………. to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) ……………… into an international World Wide Web of knowledge.

Ex. 101. Match the sentences with the people.

1.“I work very hard”.

2. “I’ve worked very hard all my life”.

3. “I worked very hard”.

a) a retired millionaire

b) a young businessman

c) a person who is about to retire

1. I’ve lived in London for a long time.

2. I lived in London for a long time.

3. I live in London.

a) a Londoner

b) a person who now lives in Paris

c) A person who is moving from London to Glasgow

Ex.102 Translate the following sentences using the verbs in Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. Ти вже прочитав цю статтю? Ні, я тільки-но почав її читати.

2. Коли він приїхав до Києва? — Він приїхав сюди вчора увечері.

3. Він ніколи на бачив цієї вистави, але багато читав про неї в газетах.

4. Коли твій друг повернувся додому? — Вчора він повернувся о сьомій годині.

5. Коли ти грав в теніс востаннє? — Я вже давно не грав у теніс.

6. Будівництво цієї споруди почалось минулої весни.

7. Коли твій брат востаннє написав тобі? — Він не писав мені з цієї зими.

8. Вона бувала у Франції? — Ні, вона ніколи не була в цій країні.

9. Коли ви купили нову квартиру? — Ми купили її місяць тому.

10. Чому ти досі не познайомив свою подругу з батьками?

11. Вчора ми були у лікаря, і він оглянув мене.

Ex. 103. Complete the sentences with the appropriate verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Continuous.

a. The rain started two hours ago. It's still raining now. It ________________ for two hours.

b. We started waiting for the bus 20 minutes ago. We're still waiting now. We __________________ for 20 minutes.

c. I started Spanish classes in December. I'm still learning Spanish. I _________________ since December.

d. Ann began looking for a job six months ago. She is still looking now. She ____________________ for six months.

e. Mary started working in London on 18 January. She is still working there now. She ____________________ in London since 18 January.

f. Years ago you started writing to a pen friend. You still write to each other regularly now. We ____________________ for years.

Ex. 104. Put the verbs into Present Perfect Continuous

1. We always go to Ireland for our holidays. We .......................... there for years. (go)

2. I ........................ since five in the morning and could do with a nap. (work)

3. He ........................ time all evening watching television. (waste)

4. She ....................... for the company for the last five years so it is time she was promoted. (work)

5. Dear Susan, It ........................ all week so we have spent most of our time sitting in the hotel. (rain)

6. He ........................ reports all weekend and has not had time to relax. (read)

7. The children ........................ football all afternoon and are screaming for their tea. (play)

8. I ...................... for the bus for the past 20 minutes and still it has not come. (wait)

9. How long ................. you .............. here? (wait)

10. It ........................ all night long and now there are drifts a metre deep. (snow)

Ex.105 Make up situations using the following sentences. Justify the use of the Present Continuous, Past Continuous and the Present Perfect Continuous in your situations.

1. I am working on my new book.

I was working on my new book.

I have been working on my new book.

2. What is going on here?

What was going on here?

What has been going on here?

3. He is telling funny stories.

He was telling funny stories.

He has been telling funny stories.

4. I am speaking with my neighbour.

I was speaking with my neighbour.

I have been speaking with my neighbour.

5. I am washing the dishes.

I was washing the dishes.

I have been washing the dishes.

Ex.106 In pairs, take turns asking questions and responding to them. Use How long. . . ? in your questions.

Example: You're still in school! How long have you been working on your degree?

I've been working on my master's degree for about three years.

1. I didn't know that you were a jogger_______ ? Well, I've been running for about three years. I run about two and a half miles each day.

2. I didn't know that you moved ?

We've been living in Cambridge for two months.

3. It's still raining. What a shame! I come to Boston, and the weather is terrible_______?

It's been like this for almost a week.

4. I didn't know that you could play the guitar________?

A long time. Since I was in grade school.

5. Bruno and Kuniko came together ?

Didn't you know? They've been going out together for several months.

Ex.107 In pairs, take turns asking and answering questions about your own friends, classes, hobbies, and so forth.

Use some of the following ideas and be sure to add your own.

How long have you been . . .?

1. study / English (other subjects)

2. play / (sports)

3. do / (hobbies or crafts)

Ex.108 Complete the passage with present perfect or present perfect continuous forms of the verbs in parentheses. Mark all cases where both forms are possible and be prepared to explain any difference in meaning between the two tenses.