- •Simple present
- •Use 4 Scheduled events in the near future
- •Use 5 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
- •Present continuous
- •1) Verbs expressing mental activity:
- •E.G. Do you believe in God?
- •Continuous and non – continuous uses
- •List of verbs that can be used in the continuous form with examples and definitions:
- •Some verbs can be especially confusing:
- •Use 4 Fixed arrangements in the near future
- •Use 5 Repetition and irritation with "Always"
- •The Present Simple versus the Present Continuous
- •Simple past
- •[Id] after t and d: wanted, landed.
- •Use 2 a series of completed actions
- •We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past.
- •Use 4 Habits in the Past
- •Use 5 Past facts or generalizations
- •Used To
- •Would/ would always
- •There are some verbs in English which are considered to be troublesome.
- •Past continuous form
- •Use 1 Specific time
- •Use 2 Interrupted action in the past
- •Use 3 Two or more simultaneous past actions
- •Use 4 Repetition and irritation with "always"
- •Time relation and conjunctions as, when and while
- •The Past Simple versus the Past Continuous
- •Present perfect form
- •Use 2. Personal experience, achievements, changes over time,
- •Use 3 Multiple actions at different times
- •Use 4 Duration from the past until now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
- •The Present Perfect versus the Past Simple
- •Time Expressions with Present Perfect
- •Present perfect continuous form
- •Important
- •The Present Perfect versus the Present Perfect Continuous
- •Past perfect form
- •Past perfect continuous form
- •Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous
- •Simple future form Shall/Will
- •The Future Simple versus “Be going to”
- •Intention
- •Important
- •Future continuous
- •Future perfect
- •Future perfect continuous
- •Future Continuous vs. Future Perfect Continuous
- •Future in the past
- •Exercises
- •Ex.10 Linda Magee, a television news reporter, was interviewed about her day. Use the underlined sections of the article to write the interviewer’s questions.
- •Ex.16 Be creative! Write four sentences about your life at the moment using the Present Simple.
- •Now write four sentences about your life at the moment using the present continuous.
- •What is the difference between when we use the Present Simple and when we use the Present Continuous?
- •2) Read the text: Facts and Figures About the American Family
- •3) Looking at structures:
- •Housing in America
- •A u.S. Commuter
- •Ex.34. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses: Simple Present or Present Continuous.
- •The First tv Soap Opera
- •The Old Days
- •A Day in the Life of a Traditional Housewife
- •Ex. 69. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the Simple Past or Past Continuous tenses.
- •Ex. 70. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses: Simple Past / Past Continuous.
- •Ex.99. Simple Past / Present Perfect. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 100. Simple Past / Present Perfect. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Growing Old in America
- •Ex. 113. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 114. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 121. Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 121. Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 137. Simple Past / Past Perfect. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 140. Simple Past / Present Perfect / Past Perfect. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •An unusual order
- •The New Fatherhood
- •Leonardo da Vinci
- •Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
- •Sor Juana Ines de Ia Cruz
- •Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- •John Stuart Mill
- •Margaret Mead
- •Ex. 149. Present Perfect / Past Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •1. It is already 9:30 pm and I (wait) _______________ here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.
- •Ex. 151. Present Continuous / Simple Past /Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 152. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses: Present and Past Tenses and Non-Continuous Verbs
- •Ex. 153. Present and Past Tense Review. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •New Directions in Family Life
- •The High Cost of Children
- •Ex. 163. Will / Be Going To. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 164. Will / Be Going To. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 165. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with Will or Be Going To.
- •Ex. 167. Simple Present / Simple Future. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 168. Simple Present / Simple Future. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •I will probably be studying for a test.
- •Ex. 172. Simple Future / Future Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Ex. 173. Simple Present / Simple Future, Present Continuous / Future Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses
- •Ex. 182. Simple Future / Future Perfect. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses
- •Future Perfect / Future Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses
- •Ex. 185. Future Perfect / Future Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses
- •Future Continuous / Future Perfect Continuous. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •Verb Tense Review. Ex. 190 Complete sentences below with the appropriate tenses.
- •A Little Gossip
- •The Appointment
- •Agatha Christie
- •Ex. 194. The Restaurant
- •90.The bomb experts ________ the people shopping to come out until they found out that the parcel at the market entrance wasn't a bomb
- •Affirmative Simple tenses
- •Progressive tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Perfect progressive tenses
- •Negative Simple tenses
- •Progressive tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Perfect progressive tenses
Simple future form Shall/Will
[will + verb]
Examples:
I/we shall help you later.
You will help him later.
In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject. In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb
Will you help him later?
You will not help him later.
USE 1 Voluntary action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something. We use “will” when we promise to do something.
Examples:
I will send you the information when I get it.
I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
Will you help me move this heavy table?
I will not do your homework for you.
I won't do all the housework myself!
A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep. B: I'll get you some coffee.
I will call you when I arrive.
If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
Don't worry, I'll be careful.
I won't tell anyone your secret.
USE 2 Succession of actions in the future
We use the Future Simple to express a succession of actions in the future
He’ll ring you up and tell you everything.
USE 3 Habitual actions in the future
We use the Future Simple to express habitual actions in the future
I hope you will attend classes regularly.
USE 4 Decisions made at the moment of speaking (on-the-spot decisions)
We use the Future Simple to talk about the decisions made at the moment of speaking
It’s hot here. I’ll open the window.
The Future Simple versus “Be going to”
Intention
The Future Simple (shall/will) and be going to can both be used to express an intention about the future.
be going to: the intention is premediated. The decision was made before the time of speaking or writing and plans have probably been made:
e.g. A: You know it’s Emily’s birthday on Friday, don’t you?
B: Yes, I’m going to buy her a present this afternoon.
shall/will: the intention is unpremeditated. The decision is made at the time of speaking or writing (also called on-the-spot decision):
e.g. A: You know it’s Emily’s birthday on Friday, don’t you?
B: Actually, I’d forgotten. Thanks for reminding me. I’ll buy her a present this afternoon.
Prediction
The Future Simple (shall/will) and be going to can both be used to make predictions about the future.
be going to: the prediction is based on some form of evidence that exists in the present (so called logical prediction). It is often used to predict what is about to happen but it can be used to predict something that is not in the immediate future:
e.g. Oh look! The car is going to crash!
That child eats too much. He’s going to be really overweight one day.
shall/will: to express beliefs, hopes, thoughts, assumptions and doubts about the future. We often use these words and expressions: think, expect, hope, assume, be afraid, be/feel sure, believe, daresay, doubt, suppose, wonder, and such adverbs as perhaps, possibly, surely probably.
e.g. It will be a difficult year for the new Prime Minister.
I hope you’ll enjoy yourself there.
Statement of future fact
The Future Simple (shall/will) and be going to can both be used to make statements about the future but the emphasis is slightly different:
e.g. a) The number of students will fall over the next five years.
b) The number of students is going to fall over the next five years.
Sentence a) is a statement of future fact or of the speaker’s beliefs.
Sentence b) is also a statement of future fact but it emphasizes that the speaker is thinking of present trends. It makes the speaker seem more involved and thus more informal.
Expression of willingness
Only the Future Simple (shall/will) is used to express willingness.
e.g. I’ll help you as much as I can.
We often use shall/will in the following situations:
a) offering to do something
I need some money. Don’t worry. I shall lend you some.
b) agreeing and refusing to do something
I’ve asked John to help me but he won’t. The car won’t start.
c) promising to do something
I promise, I won’t tell Tom what you’ve just said.
d) asking someone to do something
Will you shut the door, please?
Summary
Be going to always indicates a link with the present.
a) present intentions/plans/preparations
b) present evidence of a future event.
When we use shall/will, the emphasis is more on the future.
Shall/will is more formal than be going to and is therefore used more extensively in written English.