Text №1

Vertical Сentrifugal Pumps¹

Vertical centrifugal pumps¹ are also referred to as cantilever pumps². They utilize a unique shaft and bearing support³ configuration that allows the volute to hang in the sump⁴ while the bearings are outside of the sump. This style of pump uses no stuffing box⁵ to seal the shaft but instead utilizes a "throttle bushing"⁶. A common application for this style of pump is in a parts washer⁷.

Froth pumps⁸

In the mineral processing industry, or in the extraction of oil sand⁹, froth is generated to separate the rich minerals or bitumen from the sand and clays. Froth contains air that tends to block conventional pumps and cause loss of prime¹⁰. Over history, industry has developed different ways to deal with this problem. One approach consists of using vertical pumps with a tank. Another approach is to build special pumps with an impeller capable of breaking the air bubbles. In the pulp and paper industry holes are drilled in the impeller¹¹. Air escapes to the back of the impeller and a special expeller¹² discharges the air back to the suction tank¹³. The impeller may also feature special small vanes between the primary vanes called split vanes or secondary vanes. Some pumps may feature a large eye, an inducer¹⁴ or recirculation of pressurized froth from the pump discharge¹⁵ back to the suction to break the bubbles.

1. vertical centrifugal pump – вертикальный центробежный насос

2. cantilever pump – консольный насос

3. bearing support – подшипниковая опора\

4. sump – грязеотстойник; грязевик; резервуар

5. stuffing box – гидравлический сальник

6. throttle bushing – дроссельная втулка, гильза

7. parts washer – моечная машина; моечная установка

8. froth pump – пенный насос

9. oil sand – нефтеносный песок, битуминозный песок

10. prime – захлебывание

11. impeller – лопастное колесо, крыльчатка

12. expeller – шнековый пресс

13. suction tank – приёмный резервуар

14. inducer – устройство для подачи (жидкости) под давлением

15. pump discharge – выкид насоса; нагнетательное отверстие насоса

Text №2 Multistage Centrifugal Pumps

A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump¹. The impellers² may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts.

For higher pressures at the outlet impellers can be connected in series³.

For higher flow output impellers can be connected in parallel.

All energy transferred to the fluid is derived from the mechanical energy driving the impeller.

The energy usage in a pumping installation is determined by the flow required, the height lifted and the length and friction characteristics of the pipeline. The power required to drive a pump ( ), is defined simply using SI units by:

Single-stage radial-flow centrifugal pump

where:

is the input power required (W)

is the fluid density (kg/m³)

is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s²)

is the energy Head added to the flow (m)

is the flow rate (m³/s)

is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal⁴

The head⁵ added by the pump ( ) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction and any losses due to valves or pipe bends all expressed in meters of fluid. Power is more commonly expressed as kilowatts (10³ W, kW) or horsepower (kW = hp*0.746). The value for the pump efficiency, , may be stated for the pump itself or as a combined efficiency of the pump and motor system.

The energy usage is determined by multiplying⁶ the power requirement by the length of time the pump is operating.

1. multistage centrifugal pump – многоступенчатый центробежный насос

2. Impeller – лопастное колесо, крыльчатка

3. in series – последовательно

4. decimal – десятичная дробь

5. head – напор

6. multiplying – умножение

Text №3 Magnetically Coupled Pumps

Magnetically coupled pumps, or magnetic drive pumps¹, vary from the traditional pumping style, as the motor is coupled to the pump by magnetic means rather than by a direct mechanical shaft. The pump works via² a drive magnet, 'driving' the pump rotor, which is magnetically coupled to the primary shaft driven by the motor. They are often used where leakage of the fluid pumped poses a great risk (e.g., aggressive fluid in the chemical or nuclear industry, or electric shock - garden fountains). They have no direct connection between the motor shaft and the impeller, so no gland³ is needed. There is no risk of leakage, unless the casing is broken. Since the pump shaft is not supported by bearings⁴ outside of the pump's housing⁵, support⁶ inside the pump is provided by bushings⁷. The materials of construction of these bushings and the required clearances⁸ of the parts may restrict the kinds of fluids for which this kind of pump may be used.

Advantages

• There are no drive seals⁹, therefore the risk of leaks is completely eradicated. This means that hazardous liquids can be pumped without spillages¹⁰.

• No heat transfer from the motor—the pump chamber is separated from the motor by an air gap; this provides a thermal barrier.

• Complete separation of the liquid means that liquid cannot seep into the motor from the pump.

• Reduced friction.

• Magnetic coupling¹¹ can be broken—if the load of the pump is too great. By the magnetic coupling 'breaking', it means the pump does not overload and get damaged.

1. magnetic drive pump – насос с электромагнитным приводом

2. via – через

3. gland – сальник

4. bearing – подшипник

5. housing – кожух

6. support – опора

7. bushing – втулка, вкладыш

8. clearance – зазор

9. seal – сальник, сальниковое уплотнение

10. spillage – утечка, разбрызгивание

11. magnetic coupling – индуктивная связь, электромагнитная муфта