Trade Through Joint Ventures

Provision is made for the development of new forms of economic relations with foreign firms. Transition from primarily trade relations to deep-going specialization and cooperation. in the fields of science, technology and production and to the establishment of joint ventures is being ensured.

Joint ventures are set up for the output of products currently imported from abroad. Also, they carry out active export operations, including those using the marketing and servicing net works of both partners.

Joint ventures are established on the basis of joint capital with the share of the foreign participant not exceeding 49 per cent. Its exact contribution can take the form of equipment, technology or currency funds.

Joint ventures do hot receive any obligatory planned assignments from Russian authorities and determine their production programs themselves. The provision of Russian-produced material resources to them and, the marketing of products to Russian users are handled through Russian trade associations at the agreed prices with account of world market prices. These enterprises also pay for the lease of land and for the water consumed. They can carry out foreign economic operations either direct or through Russian foreign economic associations specializing in the corresponding field.

The Chairman of the Board and the Director-General are usually appointed from among Russian citizens. Foreign partners get the right to a substantial participation in running the enterprise and in monitoring the quality of its output, too.

Вариант 10

1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге

1) Don’t be afraid, he will look after your clothes. 2) Bright leaves cover the ground in autumn.

3) I have sent a telegram to my mother lately.4) Students showed the guests all the laboratories of our Institute.5) They have been translating a long text for an hour.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.

1) The English Channel (separates/is separated) England from Europe.2) They (invited/were invited) their friends last weekend.3) Tourists from abroad (have visited/have been visited) St. Petersburg lately.4) We (were watching/were being watched) an interesting film all the evening yesterday. 5. He (was forgiven/forgave) by her.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.

1. They (to give) an interesting book by professor N tomorrow. 2. The text (to translate) the by students now. 3. A new job (to offer) him lately. 4. I (to thank) for help always. 5. A new project (to develop) by our group now.

4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»