1. Dialogue

2. Grammar: Indicative Mood

1). Read, translate and learn by heart the following dialogue Dialogue

“Business partners”

A.: - Will you go to the south next year?

B.: - Yes, I think I will go. But I will be able to do it only in July. I will have finished one job by this time и then I’ll be able to go to the warm countries.

A.: -What do you want to finish? Do you mean that new project with the company “British Gas”? How is all going? Have you already discussed the terms of delivery and shipment of pipelines? I know this is the most important job for you. By the way, I have already met with new business partner. I liked him. It seems to me, we will be able to work together. He has many ideas.

B.: - Yes, we’ve met already with our new partners. They deal with the delivery and transportation of oil and gas pipelines. They have great experience in this field. We’ve signed a lot of agreements on different kinds of services.

A.: - I see. Will you allow me to take your assistant for a couple of days? She is the most intelligent person in your staff. She knows many languages, can communicate with people and I think, she will be able to help me very well.

B.: - Don’t you have an assistant?

A.: - I have got an assistant. But I don’t like him. I want to change all in my staff.

B.: - All? What about my assistant? Are you going to take her and include in your staff?

A.: - Exactly so, due to her experience of working in oil and gas sphere.

2) Grammar: indicative mood

In linguistics, many grammars have the concept of grammatical mood, which describes the relationship of a verb with reality and intent. Many languages express distinctions of mood through morphology, by changing (inflecting) the form of the verb. Because modern English does not have all of the moods described below, and has a very simplified system of verb inflection as well, it is not straightforward to explain the moods in English. Note, too, that the exact sense of each mood differs from language to language.

Grammatical mood per se is not the same thing as grammatical tense or grammatical aspect, although these concepts are conflated to some degree in many languages, including English and most other modern Indo-European languages, insofar as the same word patterns are used to express more than one of these concepts at the same time. Currently identified moods include conditional, imperative, indicative, injunctive, negative, optative, potential, subjunctive, and more. The original Indo-European inventory of moods was indicative, subjunctive, optative, and imperative. Not every Indo-European language has each of these moods, but the most conservative ones such as Ancient Greek, and Sanskrit retain them all. However, since mood is a grammatical category, referring to the form a verb takes rather than its meaning in a given instance, a given language may use realis forms for a number of purposes other than their principal one of making direct factual statements. For example, many languages use indicative verb forms to ask questions (this is sometimes called interrogative mood) and in various other situations where the meaning is in fact of the irrealis type (as in the English "I hope it works", where the indicative works is used even though it refers to a desired rather than real state of affairs). The indicative might therefore be defined as the mood used in all instances where a given language does not specifically require the use of some other mood.

In Modern English the indicative mood is for statements of actuality or strong probability (and in fact in all instances which do not require use of a different mood):

• The spine-tailed swift flies faster than any other bird in the world. (present indicative)

• The Missouri and Mississippi Rivers rose to record heights in 1993. (past indicative)

• Mid-westerners will remember the flooding for many years to come. (future indicative)

Some forms of the indicative can be used with do, does, or did, either for emphasis, or to form questions or negatives. Other moods existing in English besides the indicative are the subjunctive (as in "I suggest you be quiet"), the imperative ("Be quiet!"), and (although not always analyzed as a mood) the conditional ("I would be quiet").

Exercise 1. Define what type the following attributive clauses refer to

1) I cannot find the letter which you gave me this morning. 2) Yesterday I spoke to a man, who had just returned from an Arctic expedition. 3) The clock which is handing in the hall is slow. 4) The magazine which you lent me is very interesting. 5) This is the book that you need. 6) My father, who was a sailor, often tells me stories about the sea. 7) Yesterday I met an old friend, whom I recognized at once. 8) The garden which is at the back of the house is very small. 9) A man who has no patience cannot play chess well. 10) My son has a German teacher, who knows German perfectly. 11) The street that leads to the theatre is very wide. 12) A man who looks after the books in a library is called a librarian. 13) Is that the man whom they are looking for? 14) The building which you can see over there is very old.

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences:

1. The reporter spoke very loudly so that the people who were sitting in the last rows could hear him. 2. The secretary put the mail on the table so that the director would look it through. 3. I’ll give you these magazines so that you will read a few interesting articles. 4. The father gave his son some money so that he would buy two theatre tickets. 5. He sent them a telegram so that they would be informed of the arrival of the ship in time. 6. Switch on the light so that it will be lighter in the room. 7. I’ll leave you my notes so that you can read them before your examination. 8. I put the letter into my text-book so that he should not find it. 9. The children put on masks so that no one should recognize them. 10. We hung out a lantern so that they shouldn’t get lost in the mist. 11. The girl hid behind a tree so that her brother would not notice her.

WEEK 4