1. Text “Applied drilling equipment”

2. Grammar: Principal parts of the sentence

1). Read, translate and discuss the text Text “Applied drilling equipment”

Drill tower and base is one of the most important elements of the drilling rig. Drill tower is used for running and hoisting drill-string and casing pipes into the well, keeping the casing pipe during the drilling and for arrangement of tackle system, drill pipes, and construction parts necessary for the drilling process. Drill towers differ in carrying capacity, height, and construction. In construction, drill towers are subdivided into two types: tower derricks and masts. Tower derricks have stress on four legs. Drill towers of mast type have stress on one or two legs.

In domestic industry, drill towers of 41 m of tower derrick type are widely used. It is a four-panel tower derrick in the shape of truncated pyramid. Tower legs in the lower part have bearing plates and for these plates the tower is mounted to the base with the help of screws. To the upper legs of the tips, special tables are welded for installing and fastening of crownblock beams, on which crownblock is mounted.

Depending on the length of the used stalks around the tower, stabbing board is set. Derrickman (driller assistant) is working on the stabbing board during round-trip operations. Drill towers of mast type (twin-pole mast) are widely used. Twin-pole sectional masts represent A-shaped metal construction, which consists of dihedral, trihedral, or tetrahedral legs. Upwardly legs are jointed to each other with crownblock frame on which crownblock is mounted.

In comparison with tower derricks, twin-pole masts have a number of advantages: they demand less metal for the construction, they have less number of components, they are easy to assemble and disassemble, conditions of work in drill pipes picking-up to the well and their laydown to the access board are improved and tower visibility becomes better. In-derrick constructions are built simultaneously with drill tower assembly. To in-derrick constructions belong the following ones.

Geared and pump barns, receiving bridge, device system for purification, a number of auxiliary constructions and social cultural objects: lounge, dining room, car – dormitories and others. Equipment for trip mechanization and automation includes drawworks and tackle system.

A drawwork is the basic element of the rig; it is used for running and pulling of drill string, casing running, keeping of motionless drillstem in the process of drilling. Besides drawwork is used for power transmission from engine to rotor, spinning-up, and uncoupling of pipes, dragging of loads and other auxiliary works.

Draw works consists of welded frame, on which band and hydraulic or electrical brakes and control board are mounted. Draw works are equipped with brakes of two types: band and hydraulic or electrical brakes. Tackle system of drilling rigs is intended for transformation of winch barrel rotary motion to translational (vertical) displacement of the hook and stress reduction on cable branches. Tackle wire cable is passed through cable pulleys of crownblock and tackle block, one end is fixed motionless, the other end, called fast line, is fixed to winch barrel. Crownblock represents a frame on which axes and supports with pulleys are mounted.