Von Willebrand's Disease

(from SBD)

Von Willebrand's disease is a hemophilic disorder of men and women characterized by lenghthy bleeding caused by the deficiency of a clotting factor.

Named after Everard A. von Willebrand, ... a German-born Finnish physician, who first described it.

Question: What is Von Willebrand's disease? Answer: An inherited disorder of the blood, involving faulty clotting Unlike hemophilia, it occurs in women as well as men. Ease of bruising and bleeding, such as from the bowel, and excessive menstruation arc features.

Task 12. Build medical terms:

l.^s— myo...; 2 — ...cardium; 3 — angio...graphy; 4 — ...tension; 5 — hypo...; 6 — phleb...; 7 — ...cardia; 8 — ...manometer; 9 — {)rady... .

(a — endo...; b — cardio...; c — ...cardium; d — ...ten­sion; e — ...itis; f — sphygmo...; g — hyper...; h — ta- chy...; i - ...cardia)

Task 13. Add the proper combining from, suffix or pre­fix to the parts of medical terms so as to fit their defini­tions:

1. A thickening of and loss of elasticity in, the inner walls of arteries, accompanied by the formation of the deposition of fatty compounds (athero...). 2. A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries, as in old age (. .sclero­sis). 3. Abnormal heart rhythms (...rrhythmia). 4. Inflamma­tion of the endocardium (endocard...). 5. A narrowing or constriction of a passage, duct, opening (as in a mitral valve of a heart (mitral ...osis). 6. High blood pressure affecting the heart and blood vessels ( ..tension). 7. Inflammation of a vein (...itis). 8. Lack of oxygen in blood (de...genation). 9. The branch of medicine dealing with the heart, its func­tions, and its diseases (cardio...).

(a — a...; b — ...sclerosis; c — arterio...; d — sten...; e - ...itis; f — phleb...; g — hyper...; h — ...logia; i — oxy...)

Task 14. Use this structure to respond to the following questions:

Example: What was the patient's temperature on admis­sion to the hospital?

Prompt: It was 39'C.

Response: On admission to the hospital the patient’s tem­perature was 39‘C.

1. What colour was the patient’s skin? (pallid) 2. What was the patient’s respiration rate? (20 per minute) 3. What was the patient’s pulse rate? (100 per minute) 4. What was the patient’s diagnosis? (obscure) 5. What colour were the patient's lips? (cyanotic, blue) 6. What was the patient’s arterial pressure? (130/80).

Task IS. Choose the word that correctly completes each of the following sentences. Consult the dictionary if neces­sary:

1. The atherosclerosis patient should ... at least 7—8 hours.

2. Those who drink alcohol do a great damage (harm) to the ... .3. Vitamins are most... in treating atherosclerosis. 4. Vi­tamins prevent the ... from getting fatty and improve the metabolic processes. 5. The patient has a healthy heart, a healthy ... of lungs, and an adequate blood volume. 6. A doctor can ... heart .... 7. Do you know the expressions “... heart”, “to ... heart”?

(a — deer,dear; louse,lose,loose; b - slip,sleep; c — leaver, liver; d - hair, hear, hare, here; noise, rales, clamour, murmur; e — hut, hat, hurt, heart; f - important, impotent; g — peer, pear, pair, pyre)

Task 16. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the words pertaining to the theme. Memorize their meaning:

drug [drAg] ліки

steroid ['steroid] органічна речовина рослинного і тва­ринного походження; відіграє важливу роль у життє­діяльності організму

venom ['venam] отрута (здебільшого тваринного поход­ження)

digitalis [,did3i'teilis] лат. назва: Digitalis наперстянка; народна назва: наперсник, наперсниця excretion [eks’kri:j(9)n] екскреція, виділення gout [gaut] подагра (раніше вживався термін сечоквасся) placebo (pla'si:bou] плацебо; нешкідлива речовина, що імітує якісь ліки

subject ['sAbd3ikt] суб'єкт, людина nitroglycerin(e) ['naitro(u)glisa'ri:n] нітрогліцерин

Task 17. Make up use of the expressions below when you dwell upon the content of the dictionary articles and a summary from “Terapeutichesky Arkhiv”:

to produce adverse reactions викликати зворотну реакцію to provide effective treatment забезпечити ефективне ліку­вання

toad venom отрута земляної жаби

the treatment of heart disease лікування серцевого захво­рювання

in terms of smth. стосовно чогось; коли йдеться про щось local anaesthetic potency властивість місцевого знебо­лювання

90 times more active than smth. у 90 разів активніше, ніж щось

genetic name родова назва uric acid сечова кислота

to prevent the formation of blood clots запобігти утворенню згустків крові

to use the antigout drug вживати лікарські препарати від подагри

this drug could be beneficial ці лікарські препарати могли

б бути придатними to combat recurrent heart attack боротися з повторними серцевими нападами

a clinical trial клінічне випробовування to establish a marked efficacy встановити значну ефектив­ність

single doses разові дози

Task 18. Learn these equivalents. They will help you to cope with some medical terms. Add these equivalents to the stock of terms already deciphered:

Greek	Latin	English	Ukrainian
batrach/o	bufo, onis m\ rana, ae f	toad, frog	жаба
mono-	unus, singularis	one, single	один
-trophy	nutritio, onis f	nourishment	живлення
nephr/o	ren, renis m	kidney	нирка
pharmac/o	medicamen-	medication,	лікарський
	tum, і n	chemical, drug	препарат
dynam	vis, vis f dulcis, e	strength, power	сила
glyc/o		sweet	солодкий
-rrhoea	fluctio, onis f	flow	витікання
bdell/o	hirudo, inis f	leech	п’явка
ur/o	urina, ae f	urine	сеча

Task 19. Do the dictionary articles and a summary and get ready to discuss them in terms of word-building and a specific meaning of word-elements:

Bufdlin

(from SBD)

Bufalin is a steroid compound derived from the venom of toads, used in the treatment of heart disease.

The cardiac action of bufalin . . has been found about equal to digi- toxigenin (from digitalis), and in terms of local anesthetic potency is about 90 times more active than cocaine.

Bufadienolide

(from SBD)

Bufadienolide is any of a group of physiologically active steroid hormones that includes bufalin.

From bufalin + di - double + -ene hydrocarbon + ol alcohol or phenol + -ide chemical compound.

The bufadicnolidcs (are) a closely related family of steroids found in both toad venoms and in many plants, and potentially of great impor- tancc in the therapy of heart disease and cancer. Bufadicnolidcs ... have been widely used in primitive medical practice for thousands of years.

Practolol

(from SBD)

Practolol is a ... drug used to control irregular heart rhythms.

At a confcrcnce prompted by concern about adverse reactions to practolol, a useful drug which produces adverse reactions in a small number of patients Sir Eric said. ‘Modern medicines have become so powerful that there must be some doubt the ability of one person to comprehend fully every new production'.

Anturane

(from SBD)

Anturane is a trademark for a drug that stimulates the excretion of uric acid, used to treat gout and experimentally to prevent the formation of blood clots.

A drug used to relieve gout apparently reduces by almost one-half the risk of dying from a second heart attack in the months following the first. Patients who began using the antigout drug Anturane (sulfinpyrazone) four to five weeks after their first heart attack had a death rate of 4,9 per­cent a year compared with 9.S percent a year for patient taking a pla'cebo. Reports that Anturane prevented blood platelets from clumping together to form clots led to speculation that this drug could be beneficial in combatting recurrent heart attacks.

Sulfinpyrazone

(from SBD)

Sulfinpyrazone is the genetic name of anturane.

The American research project was set up to test the theory that the risk of this further thrombosis might be reduced by treatment with a drug, sulfinpyrazone, which acts on the blood platelets, the small cells that start the process of thrombosis

Thromboxane

(from SBD)

Thromboxane is a hormonelike substance that stimulates the aggregation of blood platelets and the constriction of blood vessels.

A Swedish research team discovered that platelets can convcrt pros­taglandins into previously unknown compounds callcd thromboxanes, which not only encourage the platelets to stick to one another but also causc arteries to contract. That combined action can result in thrombosis and therefore needs to be suppressed The mechanism of that suppression, it turns out, involves another new compound, probably a prostaglan- dine.

Trinitrolong

The mcdication called Trinitrolong provides more effective treatment of coronary spasms than Validol, Votchal's drops and nitroglycerine. It not only effectively arrests stenocardiac attacks but also helps to prevent them. Trinitrolong is a gelatin plate containing one or two milligrams of nitroglycerine. The plate is simply attached to the upper gum. This is done if situations that usually bring about attacks of stenocardia may arise. Trinitrolong is effective for 3 to 4 hours until the plate fully dissolves.

Ramipril Against Hypertension: Pharmacodynamic Validation off Efficacy in Primary Lesions of the Heart and Kidneys

Summary

A clinical trial of 75 hypertensive subjects in stage II of the disease receiving ramipril monotherapy has established a marked efficacy of the above treatment. Individually adjusted single doses varied from 2.5 mg to 7.5 mg/day. The drug was well tolerated and had mild adverse effects (dry cough) in 2 % of the patients. Long-term 12-week ramipril treatment in effective for hypertension doses is able to reduce myocar­dial mass without inhibition of the pumping capacity in the patients with left ventricular hypertrophy of the myocardi­um. In primary signs of nephroangiosclerosis hypertension correction was associated with improvement of filtration and an increase in effective renal flow of plasma. The above pharmacodynamic effects make it possible to consider ramipril an effective hypotensive agent with organoprotective pro­perties.

(From “Terapevtichesky Arkhiv", No. 4, 1993)

Task 20. Choose the words which are the names of some cardiopharmacological drugs. They must correspond to the following definitions:

1. A medicine made from the plants with long spikes of thimblelike flowers. 2. Glycerin with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids used in medicine. 3. A steroid compound deri­ved from the venom of toads. 4. Gelatine plates containing one or two milligrams of nitroglycerine which are effective treatment of coronary spasms. 5. An effective hypotensive agent with organoprotective properties.

(a — ramipril; b — trinitrolong; c — nitroglycerine; d — bufalin; e — digitalis)

Task 21. Read the definitions and then choose from a number of words which seem alike the suitable one:

1) causes, courses; 2) goat, gout, gate, gote; 3) rear, rare; 4) then, than; 5) cold, called; 6) game, gum, gem, gam.

(a. A disease resulting from a disturbance of uric acid metabolism ... . b. This medication is ... Trinitrolong. c. Trinitrolong is more effective .... d.... is a firm flesh covering the jaws on the inside of the mouth and surrounding the base of teeth, e. A hormonelike substance thromboxane ... arteries to contract, f. A patient could not accept a normal blood transfusion because he had a ... blood type)

Task 22. Notice this structure:

I (think), (the medication) called (Trinitrolong) provides (more effective) treatment of (coronary spasms) than (Validol).

Use this structure to make complete sentences. Make some grammar corrections if necessary:

1. Doctor N. (Ramipril) (hypertension) (Depressan).

2. Some specialists (Anturan) (gout) (Urodan).

3. Some English cardiologists (Practolol) (heart rhythms) (Vasolan).

4. The dictionary article (informs) (a steroid compound) (bufalin) as effective (heart disease) (as) (digitoxigenin).

5. Tiwari and Joshi Central Council for Research in Indian Medicine (believe) (the capsules) (Shilajit) (as) (anemia, hemorroid) (bleeding piles) (as) (well-known remedies such as Hemostimulin, Coamid, etc.).

6. Dr. Peter Rentrop (Germany) (believes) (a clot-dissolving enzyme) (streptokinase) (blocked blood vessels) (some other drugs).

7. Some medical practitioners from the United States and Great Britain (believe) (leeches) (called in Latin Hirudo me- dicinalis) (as) (treatment after microsurgery to reattach small body parts like fingers, toes and noses) (as many other clot- dissolving remedies).

Task 23. Read an information about American Blood Institute. Get ready to make a short summary of it. Put some questions to the text beginning with: When ...?; What...?; How many ...?