Vasoligate
(from SBD)
To tic off the vasa deferentia or sperm carrying tubes of (a person or animal) in order to producc sterility to subject to vasoligation
They got together three groups of young rats, each containing about thirty animals. One group were vasectomizcd, the second vasoligatcd, and the last were controls.
Vacuum Aspiration
(from SBD)
A method of abortion, performed within the first 10 to 12 weeks of pregnancy, in which a specially designed tube is inserted into the uterus to draw out the contents by suction.
Induced abortion is performed on request, usually in very early pregnancy .. The procedure is almost done by vacuum aspiration conducted by nurses, midwives or barefoot doctors and the rate of complications is said to be very low.
Suction Method
(from SBD)
Another name for vacuum aspiration.
It is sometimes of a surprise to hear that they (the Women’s Liberation Movement) have now firmly launched a campaign for freely available abortions by the suction method — the so-callcd "lunchtime” abortion This technique is about as difficult and traumatic as extracting a tooth and requires about the same amount of facilities and instrumentation
Lunchtime Abortion
(from SBD)
An abortion performed by vacuum aspiration ... so called because of the short time it usually takes to complete it.
Even the Karman catheter (lunchtime abortion) carries at least a 13 per cent complication rate.
Menstrual extraction
(from SBD)
A method of terminating possible pregnancy by evacuating the uterus.
In several gynaecological offices and clinics the technically legal process of “menstrual extraction” is now being employed as a means of terminating suspcctcd pregnancy at its earliest stage.The procedure involves slipping a soft, thin flexible plastic tube into the uterus, exerting suction with a syringe, and drawing out most of the uterine lining, with any fertilized egg that happens to be present. For a woman whose period has been delayed no more than two weeks it is a simple and safe treatment, requiring no anesthesia.
Task 23. Read the dictionary article and get ready to explain the meaning of this term as well as its etymology:
Tylectomy
(from SBD)
Another name for lumpectomy.
For example, at Guy’s Hospital in London, a 10-year study of 370 women with breast cancer has been made. Half the women had radical surgery, and the other half had what is termed a tylectomy: removal of the lump and about an inch of surrounding tissue
Probably from Greek tylos which corresponds to Latin clavus, і m and English com, callosity, callus. A Ukrainian equivalent is мозоля.
Task 24. Choose the English equivalents to the Ukrainian words. See the dictionary articles and examples to the terms explained in tasks 22 and 23. Check your answers with the key:
1) зараз застосовується; 2) запліднене яйце; 3) висмоктувати якийсь вміст з чогось; 4) така сама кількість обладнання; 5) шляхом спорожнення, очищення матки; 6) припинення вагітності; 7) вакуумне всмоктування; 8) аборт в обідню перерву; 9) здійснювати за проханням (на вимогу) когось; 10) метод висмоктування; 11) оболонка матки; 12) вирізання, видалення чогось; 13) прилегла тканина; 14) радикальне хірургічне втручання.
(а — to perform on smb’s request; b — the same amount of facilities; c — terminating pregnancy; d — to draw out the contents by suction; e — lunchtime abortion; f — by evacuating the uterus; g — suction method; h — is now being employed; і — vacuum aspiration; j — fertilized egg; k — surrounding tissue; 1 — removal (excision) of smth.; m — radical surgery; n — uterine lining)
Pharmaceutical Terms
Task 25. Memorize some of the pharmaceutical terms which will help you to cope with the summaries to the remedies, the dictionary articles explaining the action of new drugs, to understand them better and to be able to comment upon them:
antidote — an agent that is given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
trade name — commercial name for a drug, normally the property of the drugh manufacturer chemotherapy — treatment of illness by the systemic administration of chemical drugs. Usually refers to treatment of infectious disease, cancer disease, or mental illness potentiation — strengthening the effect of a drug or toxin by the preceding or simultaneous administration of another drug or toxin. It is also called synergism cumulation — the drug concentration in the body tissues which can either cause toxic effects in the body or some therapeutic effect. An example of the latter is the use of digitalis in treatment of cardiac insufficiency idiosyncrasy — an individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. that is different from the reaction of most people. Antibiotics, for example, can cause anaphylaxis (acute type of hypersensitivity; including asthma and shock)
tolerance — the natural or developed ability to endure, or resist the harmful effects of, the continued or increasing use of a drug
Task 26. Read the dictionary articles and get ready to comment upon them:
Doxycycline
(from SBD)
A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from tetracycline.
The drug is doxycycline, a synthetic form of tetracycline that, in larger doses, is also used to treat gonorrhea.
A drug to prevent traveller’s diarrhea — an antibiotic called doxycycline — was found.
Bromocriptine
(from SBD)
A drug that inhibits excessive secretion of the pituitary hormone prolactin used especially in the treatment of acromegaly and of infertility in women and men.
Bromocriptine,a drug derived from the fungus ergot that has proved useful in treating some rare cases of infertility in women, may also help women who fail to conceive as a side-effect of the oral contraceptive pill
In one report,... bromocriptine increased sexual libido and restored spermatogenesis and sexual potency in seven male patients
Dihydrotestosterone
ffrom SBD)
The biologically active form of the male sex hormone testosterone, produced by addition of two hydrogen atoms, and considered to be responsible for enlargement of the prostate gland.
Task 27. Pick up from the dictionary articles and the examples from journals and magazines answers to the questions (see task 26):
1. What is doxycycline used for? 2. What are the therapeutic effects of bromocri ptine? 3. What form of the male sex hormone is responsible for enlargement of prostate gland?
167
The testicles send decreasing amounts of testosterone to the prostate in the time of the sere, the yellow leaf (old age), don’t they?
Task 28. Read a summary to a medicine Hyskon and answer the questions below:
HYSKON
Hysteroscopy Fluid
Indications. For use with the hysteroscope as an aid in distending the uterine cavity and in irrigating and visualizing its surfaces.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to dextran. Contraindications relative to hysteroscopic procedure itself (e. g., pregnancy, endometrial carcinoma).
Precautions. Although systemic absorption of dextran 70 from the uterine and peritoneal cavities has not been observed, even when large amounts of Hyskon are employed for hysteroscopy, the possible occurrence of systemic adverse effects including plasma volume expansion, transient prolongation of bleeding time and extremely infrequent anaphylactoid reactions should be borne in mind.
Adverse Effects. To date, adverse effects directly attributable to the use of Hyskon have not been reported. However, for a description of adverse effects known to occur with i.v. dextran administration, refer to Macrodex monograph. Dosage. Although dosage is dependent on numerous factors, such as the type and length of the diagnostic procedure and whether or not manipulation or surgery is performed,the amount of Hyskon instilled into the uterus is usually between 50 and 100 ml.
Introduce Hyskon into the uterine cavity through the cannula of a hysteroscope under low pressure (approx. 100 mm Hg) until the uterus is sufficiently distended to permit adequate visualization. During the hysteroscopic examination, conduct the infusion at a rate that keeps the cavity suitably distended. To avoid injection of the fluid into the tissues of the uterus and parametria and to avoid having unnecessary amounts of the fluid pass into the peritonial cavity and backwards along the side of the hysteroscope, do not use infusion pressures greater than 150 mm Hg.
1. What is Hyskon used for? 2. What contraindications for the use of Hyskon do you know? 3. What adverse effects can be caused by Hyskon when large amounts of a remedy are employed for hysteroscopy? 4. What is dosage of Hyskon dependent on? 5. What is the route of administration of Hyskon?
What is the amount of this fluid instilled into the uterus?
Under what pressure should Hyskon be introduced? 8. Why should not one use infusion pressures greater than 150 mm Hg?
What adverse effects Hyskon should be borne in mind?
At what rate should one conduct the infusion of Hyskon?
Task 29. Choose the synonyms to the words used in dictionary articles and a summary (see tasks 22, 23 and 28):
1) to treat; 2) libido; 3) potency; 4) enlargement; 5) to employ; 6) attributable; 7) to instill; 8) abortion.
(a — distending; augmentation; b - to use; с - applicable; d — to drop; e — power; f — lust; g -- to cure; h - miscarriage)
Task 30. Build medical terms:
1) the study of poisons; 2) pertaining to within a vein; 3) study of drugs; 4) pertaining to within a sheath of membranes (meninges) which surround the spinal cord and brain; 5) area to prepare, store, and dispense drugs; 6) pertaining to under the skin; 7) pertaining to under the tongue; 8) the route of administration by mouth; 9) the route of administration by rectum; 10) the local external application.
(a — pharmacology; b - sublingual; с — intrathecal; d — subcutaneous; e — pharmacy; f — toxicology; g — intravenous (i. v.); h — topical application; і - rectal administration (per rectum); j — oral administration (per os))
Task 31. Memorize the meaning of some specific terms used in anesthesiology and reanimatology:
abdominal delivery абдомінальні пологи (із розтином живота)
patients with late toxemia of pregnancy вагітні пацієнтки з пізнім токсикозом prolonged epidural anesthesia тривалий епідуральний наркоз epidural (space) простір між твердою оболонкою спинного мозку і окістям хребців, де міститься сполучна тканина та венозні сплетіння superficial endotracheal anesthesia поверхневий ендо- трахеальний наркоз eclampsia тяжкий токсикоз другої половини вагітності, який характеризується непритомністю, судомами anesthesia techniques методика наркозу
general endotracheal anesthesia загальний ендотрахеальний наркоз
operation-induced спричинений операцією nociceptive pulsation (from Latin nocens, ntis) ноцицептивна імпульсація (повторні відчуття болю, що заважають) to ensure optimal anesthesiological protection забезпечити оптимальне знеболювання
Task 32. Read an annotation to the article from the “Anesthesiology and Reanimatology” and get ready to answer the questions to the article:
SELECTION OF ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUE DURING ABDOMINAL DELIVERY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE FORMS OF LATE TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Sixty-eight anesthesia procedures during abdominal delivery in patients with late toxemia of pregnancy have been analysed. In 32 cases the diagnosis was preeclampsia, in 8 cases — eclampsia, in 28 cases III degree nephropathy. Depending on the variant and method of anesthesia the subjects were divided into 3 clinical groups. Group I comprized 31 women to whom cesarian section was performed under general endotracheal anesthesia. In group II (24 pregnant women) analgesia was achieved by prolonged epidural anesthesia (PEA). In group III (13 patients) a combination of PEA and superficial endotracheal anesthesia was used. Analysis of the anesthesia techniques in patients with severe late toxemia of pregnancy has established that in endotracheal anesthesia it is sometimes impossible to block completely pathological and operation-induced nociceptive pulsation. PEA has a good analgetic effect but ensures no neuroautonomous protection, and upon discontinuation of action of the local anesthetic there is a danger of the onset of the convulsion syndrome and signs of preeclampsia or eclampsia. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of endotracheal anesthesia and PEA, a technique based on the combination of both variants has been selected, which ensures optimal anesthesiological protection in abdominal delivery.
1. What does the article deal with? 2. What cases have been analyzed? 3. What kind of operation was performed under general endotracheal anesthesia? 4. What other types of anesthesia were used? 5. What has analysis of the anesthesia techniques established? 6. Why have not prolonged epidural anesthesia turned
out to be the only reliable type and the most effective one among the other types of anesthesia? 7. What type of anesthesia technique has been finally selected as the one which ensures optimal anesthesiological protection in abdominal delivery?
Task 33. Read the text and get ready to pass your judgement upon the event and the characters described:
HATTER'S CASTLE by A. Cronin
(an extract)
The doctor took the matches from Matthew’s useless fingers and, having lit the gas in the bedroom, guided him quietly out of the room then closing the door, he turned and seated himself beside the figure upon the bed. His dark, sombre eyes fixed themselves upon the outlines of her ravaged figure, and as he gently felt the quick, compressible pulse and noted the sunken hollows where emaciation had already touched her, his face shadowed slightly an the suspicion already forming in his mind. Then he laid his palm upon her body softly, with a sensitive touch which registered immediately the abnormal resistence of her rigid muscles, and simultaneously the concern of his face deepened. At this moment she opened her eyes and fastened them appealingly upon his, then whispered, slowly:
‘You’ve come!’ Her words and her regard recognised him as her deliverer. He altered his expression, adapting his features, the instant she looked at him, to an air of kind and reassuring confidence.
‘It hurts you here,’ he indicated gently, by a pressure of his hand, ‘This is the place.’
She nodded her head. It was wonderful to her that he should immediately divine the seat of her pain; it invested him with a miraculous and awe-inspiring power; his touch at once seemed healing and his gently moving hand became a talisman which would discover and infallibly reveal the morbid secrete of her distress. Willingly she submitted her racked body to his examination, feeling that here was one in whom lay an almost divine power to make her well.
‘That’s better,’ he encouraged, as he felt her relax. ‘Can you let me go a little deeper — just once?’ he queried. Again she nodded her head, and following whispered injunction, tried to breathe quietly, whilst his long, firm fingers sent shivers of pain pulsating through her. ‘That was splendid!’ He thanked her with a calm consideration. ‘You are very brave.’ Not by so much as the flicker of his eyelids could she have discerned that, deep in the tissues of her body, he had discovered nodules of a wide rooted growth which he knew to have progressed far beyond the aid of any human skill. 'How long have ygu had trouble?’ he asked casually. ‘Surely this is not the first attack you’ve had?’
With difficulty she spoke.
‘No! I’ve had it for a long time, off and on, doctor, but never for such a spell as this. The pain used to go away at once, but this one is a long time in easin. It’s better, mind you, but it hasna gone.’
'You’ve had other symptoms — surely, Mrs. Brodie,’ he exclaimed his speaking eye conveying a meaning beyond his simple words. ‘You must have known you were not right. Why did you not see about it sooner?’
‘I knew well enough,’ she answered,’ but I seemed never to have the time to bother about myself.’ She made no mention of her husband’s intolerance as she added: ‘I just let it gang on. I thought that in time it would go away.”
He shook his head slowly in a faint reproof, saying: ‘You’ve neglected yourself sadly, I’m afraid, Mrs. Brodie. It may mean that you’ll be laid up in bed for a little. You must make up your mind for a rest — that’s what you’ve needed for a long time. Rest and no worry!”
‘What’s wrong with me, then,’ the whispered. ‘It’s — it’s nothing serious?”
He raised himself from the bed and surveyed her kindly. ‘What did I say about worrying,’ he replied. ‘I’m coming again to-morrow for a fuller examination, when you have no pain. Just now you are going to have a good sleep. I’ve something here to give you relief.’
‘Can you easy me?’ she murmured weakly. ‘I couldne bear you again. ’
‘You’ll have no more of that,’ he comforted her. ‘I’ll see to it.’ She watched him silently as he picked up his bag, opened it and produced a small phial from which he measured some drops carefully into a glass; then, as he added some water and turned to her again, she placed her worn hand on his and said; movingly:
‘You’re so kind to me. It’s no wonder your name’s on a ‘bodies’ tongues. I canna but thank you for your goodness in coming to me to-night, and thank you I do with all my heart. ’ ‘You drink this, then,’ he murmured, gently pressing her dry, calloused fingers. ‘It’s the very thing for you.’
She took the glass with all the sublime trust of a young child and drained it to the last dark dregs, forced even a faint tragic smile to her pale lips as she whispered:
That was bitter, doctor. It maun be good medicine.’ He smiled back at her reassuringly.
‘Now rest,' he ordained. ‘You need a good long sleep'; and, with her hand still in his, he sat down again beside her, waiting whilst the opiate took effect. His presence reassured her by its benign, magnetic power; the talisman that she clasped as though she feared to relinguish it, comforted her; occasionally her eyes would open to regard him gratefully. Then her pupils contracted slowly, the drawn lines of her features became erased, drowsily she murmured:
“God bless you, doctor. 'Twas you saved my Mary’s life, and ye’ll make me better too. Come to me again — please.’ Then she slept.
Slowly he disengaged his hand from her now flaccid grasp, repacked his bag, and stood gazing at her dormant form. His face, wiped clean of its protecting film of sanguine assurance, was heavy with a sad knowledge, mingled with a pensive, human sympathy. He remained motionless for a moment, then he covered her more warmly with the bedclothes, lowered the gas, and went out of the room.
Keys
Task 8. 1 — f, 2 — a; 3 — g; 4 — b; 5 - c; 6 - d; 7 — c; 8 - h Task 9. 1 — g; 2 — h; 3 — f; 4 — a, 5 — b; 6 — c; 7 — c; 8 — d Task 10. 1 — f; 2 — a; 3 — g; 4 — b; 5 — c; 6 — c; 7 — d
Task 11. 1 — j; 2 — a; 3 - i; 4 - b; 5 - c; 6 - h; 7 — c; 8 — f; 9 - g, 10 - d.
Task 12. 1 — g; 2 — f; 3 — a; 4 — b, 5 — c; 6 - d; 7 - e.
Task 15. 1 - d; 2 - f; 3 - a; 4 - b; 5 - c; 6 - c; 7 - h; 8 - g
Task 17. 1 — c; 2 — a, 3 — e: 4 — b; 5 — h; 6 — d; 7 — g; 8 — f.
Task 18. 1 - c, 2 - d; 3 - a; 4 - b; 5 - g; 6 - f; 7 - c
Task 19. 1 - j; 2 — f; 3 — a; 4 - h; 5 — i; 6 - d; 7 — b; 8 - c; 9 — e; 10 — g.
Task 20. 1 — f: 2 — c; 3 — a: 4 — b; 5 — c: 6 — d.
Task 21. 1 - f; 2 — d; 3 - b; 4 — c, 5 — a; 6 - e.
Task 24. 1 — h; 2 — j; 3 — d; 4 — b; 5 - f; 6 - c; 7 — i; 8 - c; 9 — a; 10 — g; 11 — n; 12 - 1, 13 - k; 14 — m.
Task 29. 1 - g; 2 - f; 3 — c; 4 — a; 5 — b; 6 — c; 7 — e; 8 - h
Task 30. 1 — f: 2 — g, 3 - a; 4 — c; 5 - e; 6 — d; 7 — b; 8 - j; 9 — i; 10 — h
CONTENTS
АНАТОМІЧНА.КПІНІЧНА І ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНА ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЯ 4
КИЇВ. Лі і і -ВИЩА ШКОЛА- : 1998 24
UNIT ONE 35
Diacerhein 49
Amelia 49
Muscle Pill 50
Anectine 50
Arthrotropic 50
:■ //ш 52
UNIT TWO 56
Echocardiogram 61
Thrombosthenin 61
Spectrin 61
Neovascularization 62
Microwave Sickness 68
Von Willebrand's Disease 68
Bufdlin 71
Bufadienolide 71
Practolol 71
Anturane 71
Sulfinpyrazone 72
Thromboxane 72
UNIT THREE 78
Graze 81
Dietary Fiber 81
UNIT FOUR 96
UNIT FIVE 112
UNIT SIX 140
Lasertripsy 172
Anturane 179
Laetrile 180
Keys 183
Vasoligate 194
Vacuum Aspiration 194
Suction Method 194
Lunchtime Abortion 194
Menstrual extraction 194
Tylectomy 195
Doxycycline 197
Bromocriptine 197
Dihydrotestosterone 197
Навчальне видання Янков Анатолій Вікторович
А
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НГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА для студентів-медиківАНАТОМІЧНА, КЛІНІЧНА І ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНА ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЯ
Обкладинка і титул художника В. С. Жиборовського Художній редактор І. Г. Сухенко Технічний редактор О. В. Козлітіна Коректор Л. М. Байбородіна Оператори: А. В. Гайдамак, А. А. Коркішко
Підписано до друку 29 06 98 Формат 84 х 108/зг Папір офс № 1 Гарнітура Кулряшов Офсетний друк Ум. друк арк. 9,24. Ум фарбовідб 9,66 Обл.-вид арк 10,55 Вид. № 10116 Замовлення 151.
Видавництво “Виша школа”. 252054, КиїВ‘54, вул Гоголівська, 7
Надруковано з оригіналу-макста, виготовленого у видавництоі “Вища школа”, на Білоцерківській книжковій фабриці, 256400, Біла Церква, вул Л Курбаса, 4
release of the active substance and a prolonged duration of action? 3. By what route is Synacthen Depot administered?
4. What are the indications of Synacthen Depot concerning neurological diseases? 5. In what case is Synacthen Depot contraindicated for women? 6. What is the dosage for infants? 7. What are the side effects of Synacthen Depot?
(a — multiple sclerosis, certain forms of polyneuritis, chorea minor, etc.; b — during pregnancy; c — 0.25 mg. i.m.
1 Why is the outlook for children with spina bifida (SB) brighter? 2. When does SB occur? 3. What may bulge and form a fluid-filled sac? 4. Why are the unprotected nerves easily damaged? 5. Whom are spina bifida children seen regularly by after surgery? 6. How many children out of 100 newborns are essentially normal? 7. What does the remainder group of children suffer from? 8. What do the majority of SB children must rely on? 9. Why is a new type of "spring” brace particularly promising? 10. By what means can the adnormality be detected prenatally?
(a — the spinalvertebrae fail to close completely; b — the sac called myelomeningocele is often only partly covered; c — a team that includes an orthopedist, urologist, etc.; d — on braces and crutches; e — it helps propel the child’s leg forward; f — nearly all afflicted children survive; g — through a complicated series of testes; h — sever physical or mental handicaps; i — thirty-seven of these youngsters; j — the spinal cord and nerves)
1 What are the main properties of Synacthen Depot con
1cerning the central nervous tissues? 2. What ensures protracted