Краткий словарь фразовых глаголов

Фразовые глаголы — это такие глаголы, которые меняют свое значение при прибавле­нии к ним того или иного предлога. Как пока­зывает практика, они трудны для запоминания, однако требуют регулярного заучивания, так как являются неотъемлемой частью английско­го языка. Далее приведен список наиболее рас­пространенных фразовых глаголов.

be about — 1) собираться что-либо сделать — Не is about to go; 2) делать, заниматься чем-либо — What are you about? I'm about my business; 3) быть поблизости — There's nobody about, you'd better come back later.

be after — искать. «What are you after?» — «Что вы ищете?/Что вам надо?»

be away — уехать, быть в отъезде. She's away on leave at the moment.

be back — возвращаться. «When will he be back?»

be down with — заболеть чем-либо. Our boss is down with flu.

be in — быть в помещении. «Can I speak to Mr. Johnson?» «Sorry, he is not in.»

be into — увлекаться. She's really into stamp collecting.

be like — быть похожим. He is very much like his father.

be off — быть выключенным. The radio is off.

be off — уходить. «Well, I'm off now. See you tomorrow». I'd better be off before my mother

sends out a search party.

be on — быть включенным. The TV is on.

be on — демонстрироваться на экране. «What's on?» «Depeche Mode's concert».

be out (of) — заканчиваться, исчерпывать запа­сы. «We are out of bread. You have to buy some».

be over — завершаться. The traffic was so bad

that by the time we got to the theatre, the concert was almost over,

be through — закончить. «Haven't you finished reading yet?» «Don't worry, I'm nearly

through»,

be up — подниматься, расти. Profits are up by 90%.

be up to — 1) замышлять что-либо, собираться что-либо сделать — «What are up to?» I'd better go into the children's room and see what they're up to; 2) зависеть от кого-либо. — It's up to you to keep the boy out of trouble.

blow up — взорвать. The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station.

break down — сломаться. My car broke down so I took it to the garage.

break into — вломиться. Burglars broke into my house last night and stole all my jewellery. break out — вспыхнуть, разразиться (о войне, пожарах). World War II broke out in 1939.

break up — распускать, расходиться, прервать работу. School is going to break up for

Christmas on the 22^nd of December.

call on — посещать кого-либо официально. The salesman calls on the firm twice a month.

catch on — становиться модным. Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and then

spread eastward.

come across — случайно встретить кого-либо. I came across an old school friend while I was

doing my shopping today.

come along — идти, спешить. I want you to come along (with us), or you'll miss the bus.

come back — возвращаться. My sister came back home from university last week.

come in — входить. They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked.

come into — получать в наследство. Robert came into a lot of money when her aunt died. come off — удаляться, отвалиться, падать с чего-либо, сходить (о пятне). The button has

come off my coat.

come on — «Продолжайте!», спешить, расти, появляться, налететь. Come on or will be late. come over — исправляться, изменяться. The children promised to come over, but they never do.

come round — навестить. You should come round for dinner one evening.

come to — прийти в себя, очнуться. Не was hit on the head very hard, but after several

minutes, he started to come to again.

cut down (on the money) - урезать (расходы). We tried to cut down on the money we were

spending on entertainment.

do without — обходиться. I can't do without my watch.

drop out of — вылететь (из учебного заведе­ния). «My brother dropped out of school

before he could graduate».

eat out — питаться в ресторане, кафе. When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes.

fill in — заполнять, расширять. Fill in this application form and mail it in.

fill up — наполнять, набивать. She filled up the grocery cart with free food.

find fault (with sb) — критиковать. She's unpleasant. She always finds fault with people.

find out — узнать, обнаружить. My sister found out that her husband had been planning a

surprise party for her. You can't trust him until you find everything out.

get along — ладить, уходить, стареть. They get along (well) together. Grandfather is getting

along and doesn't see too well any more. I think I'll be getting along now, I want to be home quite early.

get by — сводить концы с концами, устраивать­ся. Uncle Jack didn't have much money, but

he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives.

get off — слезать, сойти (о поезде, автобусе и т. п.). I am getting off at the next station (stop). get on — преуспевать, жить, идти (о делах).

How is he getting on? — Как у него дела?

get over — оправиться, перейти, пережить что-либо. It was too hard for her to get over that illness.

get rid of — избавиться, отделаться. The citizens tried to get rid of their corrupt mayor in the

recent election.

get through with — закончить (работу), спра­виться с чем-либо, выдержать. When will you

ever get through with that program?

get together — собираться, встречаться. Let's get together,

get up — вставать, подниматься. Grandmother tried to get up, but she failed to make it on her own.

give away — упускать, выдавать, тратить. The filling station was giving away free gas.

give back — возвращать, отдавать. My brother borrowed my car. I have a feeling he is not

going to give it back, give in — уступать, сдаваться. The two boys fought until one gave in.

give out — издавать, распределять, выпускать. Give out the textbooks.

give up — оставить, отказаться, бросить. You should give up smoking.

go back — возвращаться. It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Africa.

go off — 1) выключиться. The light went off and the film began; 2) зазвонить (о будиль­нике). The alarm-clock went off 3) взорвать­ся. The bomb went off.

go on — 1) продолжать что-либо. We would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next; 2) происходить. The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what was going on.

go over — повторять, переходить, изучать в деталях. The students went over the material before the exam.

go without — обходиться без чего-либо. I can; easily go without it for a month.

grow up — расти, становиться взрослым. Charles grew up to be a lot like his father.

hand in — вручать, подавать, сдавать. The students handed in their papers and left the room.

hold up — поддерживать, останавливать, задер­живать. I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the bathroom.

keep away — избегать, держаться подальше. The judge warned the suspect to keep away from his victim's home.

keep on (doing sth) — продолжать делать что-либо. He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined.

left out — пропустить. You left out the part about the police.

look after — заботиться. Mary looks after our children while we're at work.

look at — смотреть, рассматривать. Look at this picture, please.

look down — смотреть свысока, презирать. Nobody likes her. She looks down on people.

look for — искать. Lily is looking for a new house.

look forward to — ждать с нетерпением. Molly is looking forward to her sister's wedding.

look in — 1) заглянуть к кому-либо. We were going to look in on my brother; 2) смотреть (в глаза). Look in my eyes!

look into — заглядывать, исследовать. The police will look into the possibilities of embez­zlement.

look out — 1) «Берегись!»; 2) выглядывать от­куда-либо. He is looking out (of the window).

look out for — подыскивать, присматривать. Mary is looking out for a new husband.

look over — просматривать. The lawyers looked over the papers carefully.

look up — отыскивать (в книге, в справочни­ке). I don't remember her phone number — let me look it up.

make out — разобрать, различить, понять. We really couldn't make out what he was saying.

make up — сочинить, придумать. She made up a story about going to the movies with her friends.

pick up — поднимать. The crane picked up the

entire house.

point out — указывать на что-либо. As we drove

through Paris, Francoise pointed out the

major historical sites. put aside — откладывать в сторону. Close the

books and put them aside, put away — убирать, прятать, избавляться. I'll just put the car away,

put down — записывать. Put down all the words

that are on the board.

put off — откладывать. Jane put off the meeting

until the following week.

put on — надевать. She put her hat and coat on.

put out — погасить, потушить. Don't forget to

put out the candles before you go to bed.

put up with — примириться с чем-либо. She

couldn't put up with his behaviour.

run across — подвезти кого-либо, случайно

встретить кого-либо. I ran across my old

friend at the college. run after — 1) преследовать, бежать за кем-либо. Run after your father, he's forgotten his hat; 2) бегать, ухаживать за кем-либо. All the girls are running after the attractive new student.

run into sb — случайно встретить кого-либо. Guess what! I ran into Dave yesterday.

run out of — закончиться, исчерпать запасы.

While we were driving to New York, the car ran out of petrol.

run over — переехать, задавить кого-либо. A car almost ran over my dog.

show off — рисоваться, похваляться, хвастать­ся. Whenever he sat down at the piano, we

knew he was going to show off.

show up — прийти, появиться. Day after day, Efrain showed up for class twenty minutes late. take after — быть похожим. Kate really takes after her sister.

take away — брать с собой, покупать (еду). «I'd like to take my pizza away»,

take back — брать назад (слова). «I've changed my mind. I take it back»,

take care of — заботиться. My oldest sister took care of us after Mom died.

take down — записывать. These are your instruc­tions. Take them down before you forget. take for — принимать за кого-либо. «What do you take me for?» — За кого ты меня принимаешь?

take in — сдавать (комнаты жильцам). She makes a lot of money by taking in lodgers in summer. take off — подняться в воздух. The plane will be taking off in ten minutes.

take over — взять на себя ответственность за что-либо. When his father retired Tony took

over the business from him.

take to — полюбить кого-либо. Those two young people took to each other at first sight.

take up — заняться чем-нибудь новым. Ann took up jogging in her spare time.

talk back — возражать. The star player talked back to the coach.

talk over — обсуждать. We have serious problems here. Let's talk them over like adults.

think back - помнить, вспоминать. I often think back on my childhood with great pleasure. throw away — выбрасывать. That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away,

to do over —^: переделывать. You have to do this paint job over, try on — примерять. She tried on fifteen dresses before she found the one she liked.

turn down — отказать, отклонить (предложе­ние). She turned down the invitation.

turn into — превратить, превращаться. The magician made the horse turn into an elephant. turn off — выключать. I turned off the light. turn on — включать. Peter, could you turn on

the light.

turn up — прибывать, приходить, появиться. We waited for hours, but she never turned up. wake up — проснуться. I woke up when the rooster crowed.