New words and expressions:

a high-wheel bicycle – велосипед з великим переднім колесом

a front/back wheel – переднє/заднє колесо

gears – мех. передача

brakes – гальма

tire – шина, покришка

cyclist – велосипедист

cycle – їздити на велосипеді, мотоциклі

to crash – падати, валитися з тріском

to fall – падати

a size – розмір

a rubber – гума

comfortable – зручний

uncomfortable – незручний

modern – сучасний

pollution – забруднення

a saddle – сидіння

turn – повертати

a chain – ланцюг

a hill – пагорб, пагорок

a helmet – шолом, каска

a glove – рукавичка

a trick – трюк, фокус, вибрик, витівка, хитрість

off-road – позашляховий

strong – міцний, витривалий

light – легкий

narrow – вузький

a race – перегони, змагання

recumbent – лежачий

Bicycles and motorcycles

Exercise 1 Read and translate the text.

T he first bicycles were made of wood. Then after 1850 they were made of metal. Early bicycles, called high-wheel bicycles, were uncomfortable because they had no tires. The front wheel was very big, and there were no gears or brakes.

Cyclists often crashed. Modern bicycles are safer because they have brakes and their wheels are both the same size. They also have rubber tires so they are comfortable. People cycle to work or school, and for fun and sport. Bicycles are good because they don’t produce pollution.

There are 1,000 million bicycles in the world, and only 600 million cars.

Exercise 2 Read and retell the text. Ask as more questions as possible to it.

How bicycles work

The cyclist sits on the saddle and turns the pedals.

The pedals move the chain, and the chain powers the back wheel. Gears help the bicycle to go faster, or to go up hills. The cyclist stops the bicycle with the brakes. It’s good for cyclists to wear a helmet and gloves. These protect their head and hands in a fall or a crash.

Exercise 3 Read the text and complete the sentences below.

Types of bicycle

B MX (bicycle motocross) bicycles are small. They are for doing tricks. Mountain bikes are for off-road cycling, so they have thick tires and strong frames. Mountain bikes are one of the most popular types of bicycle. Racing bikes are light. They have narrow tires, and they can travel at 40 kilometers per hour. The most famous bicycle race is the Tour de France in Europe. The race is about 3,500 kilometers and it usually takes 23 days every summer.

Recumbent bicycles look funny, but they are very comfortable. The cyclist lies down and the pedals are at the front of the bicycle.

In 2008, Mark Beaumont cycled 29,440 kilometers around the world. He visited 20 countries in

194 days.

1. Racing bikes are _________.

2. BMX bicycles are _________.

3. Recumbent bicycles are _________.

4. Mountain bikes are the most ________ type of bicycle.

5. Their tires are ________ and their frames are _________.

Exercise 4 Name the numbers from the picture.

1 . _____

2. gloves (or handle bar)

3. _____

4. _____

5. _____

6. _____

7. _____

8. spoke

9. _____

10. ____

11. ____

Exercise 5 Read the text and do the true/false sentences below it.

Motorcycles can carry one or two people. The engine powers the back wheel with a chain, like a bicycle. Motorcycles are heavier than bicycles, and they have a strong, metal frame, and thick tires. Motorcyclists have to wear a helmet and leather clothes to protect themselves. Motorcycle racing is a popular sport. The riders lean very near to the ground so that they can turn quickly. Some motorcycles can go faster than 300 kilometers per hour.

In 1991, Yasuyuki Kudo rode for 331 kilometers on the back wheel of his motorcycle in Tsukuba, Japan.

1. Motorcycles and bicycles have chains.

2. It’s good for cyclists to wear a helmet.

3. There are more bicycles in the world than cars.

4. Mountain bikes and motorcycles have strong frames.

5. Mark Beaumont cycled 29,440 kilometers on his back wheel.

6. Bicycles are heavier than motorcycle.

Exercise 6 Answer the questions in written form.

1. Why were the first bicycles uncomfortable?

2. Why do people cycle?

3. How does a cyclist stop the bicycle?

4. How does a bicycle work?

5. What kind of bicycle is the recumbent bicycle?

6. What is the most famous bicycle race?

7. How can a cyclist and a motorcyclist protect themselves?

8. Why do racing motorcyclists lean near to the ground?

9. What are Mark Beaumont and Yasuyuki Kudo famous for?

10. What are advantages and disadvantages of riding a bicycle?

Exercise 7 Open the brackets and put the verb in the proper form (Present Indefinite або Present Continuous).

1.І usually (have) tea in the morning, but now I (have) coffee. 2. My Granny never (drink) coffee. 3. Put on your raincoat, it (rain) heavily. 4. It often (rain) in autumn. 5. Sometimes we (go) to the cinema. 6. Where is Mummy? She (work) in the kitchen. 7. Mike’s father usually (work) on Saturdays. 8. Why you (cry)? What’s wrong? 9. Don’t make noise, children. Kate (listen) to music in that room. 10. Ben always (come) home from school at two o’clock.

Exercise 8 Choose the right form of the verb ( Present Simple або Present Continuous).

1. Jack _____ not work at his father’s store. 2 ____ you have a job? 3. Kate _____ works at a restaurant. 4. Tom _____ working this after-noon. 5. ____ you working today? 6. Emily and Sara ____working at the ice cream store this summer. 7. ______ Eric planning to get a job this summer? 8. _____ you plan to get a job, too? 9. Dennis _____ wears jeans to work every day. 10. She ______ a carpenter. 11. Today she _____ working at the Hill's house. 12. She and her partner Scott ______ building a new porch for Mr. and Mrs. Hill. 13. Dennis and Scott usually work _____ together on small construction jobs.

Exercise 9 Choose the right adverb: rarely, never, always, usually, often, seldom, sometimes.

1. I see one or two films every week. I ______ go to the movies. 2. I let my roommate borrow my car one time last year. I ______ let my roommate my car. 3. Maria eats cereal for breakfast seven days a week. Maria ______ eats cereal for breakfast. 4. Four or five visitors to the museum stay for three hours or longer. Museum visitors ______ stay for at least three hours. 5. We occasionally have quizzes in Dr. Jacobs's history class. Dr. Jacobs ______ gives quizzes in history class. 6. If the teacher is on time, the class begins at 8:00 A.M. Once in a while, the teacher is a few minutes late. The class______ begins at 8:00 A.M. 7. In the desert, it rains only two days between May and September every year. It ______ rains there in the summer. 8. James asks me to go to the sailboat races every year, but I don't accept his invitation because I think sailboat races is boring. I ______ go to sailboat races with James. 9. Every time I go to a movie, I buy popcorn. I _____ buy popcorn when I go to a movie. 10. Andy and Jake are friends. They go out to dinner at least three times a week. Andy and Jake ______ go out to dinner with each other.

Lesson 10 Carrying passengers

Exercise 1 Read the words. Copy them into your notebook. Memorize them.

Trains, Buses and Trucks

Transportation became much faster after the invention of engines. We use buses to transport people and goods, trucks to transport freight, and trains to transport people and freight.

З авдання А-14. Read and translate the text. Answer the questions. Прочитайте і перекладіть текст. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

Trains

I n 1804, Richard Trevithick built the first train in Wales in the United Kingdom. Its steam engine used coal to heat water. The hot water made steam, and the steam powered the engine. The train moved along two metal tracks called a railroad. In 1825, the world’s first railroad system opened in the United Kingdom. Soon, railroads with steam trains were common all around the world. By 1930, steam trains could travel at about 150 kilometers per hour.

I n 1862 the first underground train system opened in London in the United Kingdom. Today, more than 160 cities around the world have underground trains.

Modern trains have electric motors or diesel engines. Some long-distance trains have restaurants, and sleeper cars with beds for passengers to sleep in. Trains are good because they use less fuel per passenger than cars, buses, or planes. Some high-speed trains can travel at more than 300 kilometers per hour.

The longest train journey in the world is 9,288 kilometers. The Trans-Siberian Express takes six days to travel across Russia, from Moscow to Vladivostok.