МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ВИЩИЙ НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ЗАКЛАД

КИЇВСЬКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТНО ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ КОЛЕДЖ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ

ЗАТВЕРДЖУЮ

Директор ДВНЗ «КТЕК»НТУ

_____________ Н.Д. Шульга

«___» __________ 2014 р.

ІНОЗЕМНА МОВА

ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ

Методичні вказівки

для практики усного та письмового мовлення

англійської мови

для студентів 3-го курсу денного відділення

спеціальності

«Організація перевезень і управління

на автомобільному транспорті»

2014

ЗМІСТ

Chapter1 TRANSPORTATION
Lesson 1 Transportation system in Ukraine	4
Lesson 2 City Transport	6
Lesson 3 Urban Transportation	10
Lesson 4 Economy and Industry	11
Lesson 5 Trucking	14
Lesson 6 History of Transportation	17
Lesson 7 The History of Land Transport	24
Lesson 8 The Wheel, Steam, Carriages and Railways	27
Lesson 9 On two wheels	31
Lesson 10 Carrying passengers	36
Lesson 11 Water Transport	38
Lesson 12 How can we float?	43
Lesson 13 Cars. Three or four wheels? What’s better?	46
Lesson 14 Air Transport	50
Lesson 15 What about air transport?	53
Lesson 16 Transport System of the USA	56
Chapter2 Logistics Management
Lesson 17 Introduction to Logistics	59
Lesson 18 Logistics Services	63
Lesson 19 Transporting Fresh Produce	65
Lesson 20 The importance of an efficient supply chain.	69
Lesson 21 Modes of Transport	72
Lesson 22 Planning and Arranging Transport	78
Lesson 23 Warehousing and Storage	83
Lesson 24 Documentation and Finance	87

ПОЯСНЮВАЛЬНА ЗАПИСКА

Успішне інтегрування України в політичне, бізнесове і освітянське середовище світу вимагає від фахівців будь-якої галузі володіння іноземними мовами на рівні, достатньому для ефективного функціонування в професіональній і повсякденній сфері. Принцип професійної спрямованості курсу іноземної мови повинен узгоджуватися з такими важливими компонентами навчального процесу як всебічний інтелектуальний і психічний розвиток особистості, здатної до активної участі у плануванні та реалізації пізнавальної діяльності, самоосвіти і саморегулювання. Практична мета навчання іноземної мови для професійного спілкування визначає головний зміст навчального процесу, який полягає у формуванні у студентів іншомовно-мовленнєвої компетенції, в ході якого вирішуються завдання виховного, освітнього і розвиваючого характеру.

Навчання іншомовного писемного мовлення на технічних і гуманітарних немовних факультетах ВНЗ має забезпечити студентам можливість іншомовно-мовленнєвого спілкування в трьох сферах: повсякденній, спеціальній (фаховій) та загальноосвітній (країнознавчій).

Враховуючи важливість практичної підготовки спеціалістів, програмою предмета передбачено вивчення професійно направлених текстів, спеціалізованої термінології для розвитку не лише комунікативних навичок, але і навичок ділового спілкування.

Внаслідок вивчення предмета студент повинен вміти читати, розуміти та перекладати оригінальні тексти зі спеціальності, спілкуватися в рамках певного контексту, складати репліки за опорними словами, переказувати прочитану інформацію, використовуючи її при обговоренні прочитаного тексту, дискутувати з вживанням граматичних структур передбачених програмою, правильно обирати мовні засоби залежно від ситуації та особистості співрозмовника.

При вивченні предмета необхідно враховувати між предметні зв’язки.

Методи, форми та засоби навчання можуть бути різноманітними та використовуватись на розсуд викладача.

Для вивчення та закріплення матеріалу предмета можуть бути використані такі методи: пояснювально ілюстрований, дослідницький, методи інтенсивного вивчення.

Ефективна реалізація змісту професійно-спрямованого навчання в немовному ВНЗ потребує ширшого застосування таких підходів, які є центрованими на студенті з його інтересами, його потребами як суб’єкта навчальної діяльності і як суб’єкта майбутньої професійної діяльності.

Chapter1 TRANSPORTATION

Lesson 1 Transportation system in Ukraine

E x 1 Read and translate the text.

Transportation system in Ukraine is very developed and involves various transportation means. First of all, it is closely associated with public city transportation which includes buses, trolley buses, and trams and is the cheapest way to travel within cities. Prices range from 10 cents to 50 cents a ticket. One can purchase a ticket at the bus stops at the little "kiosks", however it’s possible to get the one from the conductor once you board. At that, it is the best way to get acquainted with a city. Should you make up your mind to travel by these kinds of transportation, be sure not to use them during rush-hour periods. What cities of Ukraine have the metro options?

As for the metro options, Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Dnipropetrovsk feature this fastest way of transportation that is renowned also for its decorative designs and architectural solutions.

You can also take a taxi by phoning or simply by putting out your hand on the street.

Another very convenient and fast way of traveling is done by "marshrutka," or a taxi van. Marshrutkas are very popular in every town and city in Ukraine. These taxi vans not only travel within a certain town/city, but they also operate intercity routes.

Train is a very popular way to travel within Ukraine. One can purchase a train ticket both at the railroad stations and offices. As a rule, one can buy a ticket within 42 days term prior to the departure date. It’s recommended to buy the tickets beforehand, especially on the holiday’s eve.

Ukrainian trains are equipped with the wagons of 3 types: 1st class cabins, 2nd class (coupe) and 3rd class, (platzcart) that offers the lowest ticket's price. The quality of services in such wagons depends on trains and destinations, yet the best solution is to take an express train providing good quality and services and traveling at high speed.

Moreover, Ukrainian international railway links connect Kyiv to many countries. Thus , there are trains operating to Warsaw (Poland), Moscow (Russia), St. Petersburg (Russia), Minsk (Belarus), Berlin (Germany), Bratislava (Slovakia), Prague (Czech), Vienna (Austria), etc.

Bus traveling is also popular in Ukraine: apart from domestic routes there are regular bus schedules to the majority of European cities.

As for Ukrainian sea connection, it is carried out via the Black sea ports of Odessa, Sevastopol and Yalta with the major part of ferries serving Turkey and Greek destinations.

One can also take advantage of traveling by air with most international flights operating to and from Boryspil International Airport in Kiev and domestic flights in Zhulyany. The most popular Ukrainian airlines are ‘Aerosvit’, ‘International Ukrainian airlines’, ‘UMA’ and ‘WizzAir’.

New words and expressions

rush-hour – година пік

to feature – зображувати, втілювати риси

to renew – відроджувати, реставрувати

convenient - зручний

intercity routes – міжміський маршрут

to purchase – купувати

prior – попередній

international railway links – міжнародні залізничні зв’язки

bus schedule – розклад автобусів

Exercise 2 Answer the questions

What does transportstion system in Ukraine involve?

What does public city transportation include?

What cities of Ukraine have the metro options?

What is "marshrutka"?

What are the most popular ways of transportation in Ukraine?

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks in the sentences.

Transportation system in Ukraine is very _____________________ transportation means. One can _________________ at the bus stops at the little "kiosks", however it’s possible ____________________ from the conductor once you board. Train is a very popular ____________ within Ukraine. Ukrainian trains _______________ with the wagons of 3 types: 1st class cabins, 2nd class (coupe) and 3rd class, (platzcart) that offers the lowest ticket's price. Moreover, ___________________ connect Kyiv to many countries. The most popular Ukrainian airlines are _____________________________.

Exercise 4 Translated into English using modal verbs must, can, might

1. Можна купити білет у кіоску або у кондуктора при посадці.

2. Можна також подорожувати і повітряним шляхом.

3. Розклад руху автобусів повинен відповідати дійсності.

4. Пасажир повинен купити квиток і прокомпостувати його.

5. Якість обслуговування на українській залізниці повинна відповідати міжнародним стандартам.

6. Якщо у Києві година пік, можна скористатися метрополітеном.

7. Чи можна мені викликати таксі?

Lesson 2 City Transport

Exercise 1 Read and translate the text.

The backbone of Ukraine's public transportation: buses, trams and trolleybuses (electrically driven). There's no better way to get to know this country and it's people than to take a ride like the locals do. Public transportation is quite developed in large Ukrainian cities (Kyiv, Odessa, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Simferopol, etc.) and you could easily get from one part of the city to another by just using the city transport. Best to purchase tickets at the bus stops at the little "kiosks", however you can also get your ticket from the conductor once you board. If there's no conductor, just get the ticket from the driver. Be sure to "validate" or "punch" your ticket using the small boxes placed inside the bus. During Rush-Hour most public transportation can be very crowded.

Kiev (Kyiv) Metro System is without a doubt the fastest, most convenient and affordable way to get around nearly all of the city. Kiev's Metro System is expanding to meet an ever increasing number of users - currently estimated at one and half million passengers per day.

There are several other cities in Ukraine, which have got the Subway System: Dnipropetrovs'k, Kharkiv, Kryvyi Rig (Speed Tram).

The next most popular form of transportation in Ukraine is the many privately owned Micro Buses (Marshrootkas). Their coverage includes smaller residential streets as well as routes and schedules that are convenient for all. You could ask the driver to stop the bus nearly everywhere and you can flag it down to stop for you nearly everywhere, as well.

"Marshrootkas" (Marshrutkas) are definitely faster, cleaner and more available than the bulkier public transit buses. Minibuses take fewer passengers, run faster, stop on demand and are more available. Ticket prices and itinerary of private minibuses are regulated by the city government, and the cost of one ride, while higher than on public buses, is still quite low. When you get on, you pay to the driver or to the conductor. Usually you could see the fare written somewhere on the window inside of the marshrootka.

It could also be quite hard to get off at the right place, especially when the bus is packed. You might just shout : "Na ostanovke!" and the driver will stop at the nearest bus stop, or take a friend with you who knows the way around.

Very often Marshrootkas are crowded, especially during the rush hours and when the weather is bad. The buses are small, so sometimes you would have to fight your way in and out with elbows and whatever else it takes. Sometimes you could end up without buttons on your shirt. But despite of these disadvantages, marshrootkas are quite popular among locals

Kyiv tram

Public electric trolleybuses, trams and buses in many cases have aged equipment. But recently new trolleybuses and buses started to appear on the streets of Ukraine.

The Ukraine public transport system uses a simple tariff system regardless of distance travelled: tickets for ground transportation must be purchased each time a vehicle is boarded. For example in Kyiv, the fare is 1.5 hryvnia per ticket. You could buy it at the Ticket Kiosk at the bus stop or on the bus or tram from the conductor (Please note, not all buses have the conductor on board. In this case, you need to get your ticket from the driver). Pensioners use public transportation for free.

Taxi

Taxis are located throughout the city and can be found very easily. Compared to other European coutries fares are quite cheap and are negotiated in advance, if taken in the street. If you call the taxi company they usually name the price.

The best taxis are those with their company's phone number on the rooftop, or side, of the car. Others may be private taxi's which may be more expensive and less comfortable.

Hitchhiking is common in Ukraine, but not recommended for tourists. Hitchhikers extend their arm, so that approaching cars can clearly see, pointing their first and second fingers together toward the street, motioning with their fingers up and down. They then negotiate for a few hryvna for the ride.

Sometimes, especially at night and during holidays, it's hard to get a taxi from a taxi company. They would just say that there are no cars in your area. In this case it could be faster to get a taxi from the street, but you have to be firm and negotiate the price beforehand or your Taxi fare will skyrocket.

New words and expressions

backbone – головна опора, суть, основа.

to purchase – купувати

to "validate" or "punch" – надавати законної сили або компостувати

fare – вартість проїзду, плата за проїзд

coverage – охоплення, зона дії

bulkier public transit bus – незграбні громадські автобуси

itinerary – план маршруту

regardless – незважаючи

rooftop – на верхівці даху

Exercise 2 Answer the questions

What is the backbone of Ukraine's public transportation?

Where can you purchase tickets?

What is the fastest way to get around nearly all he city?

What is “Marshrutka”?

Do pensioners use public transportation for free?

What are the best taxis in the city?

What do hitchhikers do?

Exercise 3 Read the text again and name each part of the text.

Write out ten word combinations from the text and translate them.

Exercise 4 Open the brackets using Future Simple or Future-in-the-Past Simple

1. I know we (to pay) the fare.

2. I knew we (to pay) the fare.

3. She wants to know whether he (to punch) the ticket.

4. He wanted to know whether we (to punch) the ticket.

5. "When you (to be) ready to pay the fine?" the ticket collector asked.

6. The ticket collector asked when I (to be) ready to pay the fine.

7. I can't say whether Bob (to drive) a tram perfectly, but he (to do) his best.

8. He asked me whether he (to see) someone traveling on the rooftop of a bus in India.

9. Are you sure that we (to have) time to hitchhike?

10. I was afraid he (to say), "I don't think I (to be) able to travel by ‘marshrootka’ this rush-hour weekday evening."

Lesson 3 Urban Transportation

Ex 1 Read and translate the text.

The problem of urban transportation has become very important. There are several factors that have caused the present problems of urban transport. The first factor is the growth of population remained almost constant while the urban population has grown by more than twenty times. The population growth of the last two decades has greatly enlarged the movement of passengers in big cities.

The second factor is the changing distribution of population within cities. There has been a steady drift of population from the high density centre to the lower density suburbs. The increase and improvements of transport are believed to be the main reasons for this drift. One should remember that walking was the major transport mode both in and out of cities until the end of eighteenth century. The lack of transport led to the development of very high density building withing the city centre. The situation was changed by the introduction of horse buses and urban railways in the middle of the 19th century, followed by horse trams and electric trams towards the end of that century. These allowed a city to grow.

The introduction of the motor car and motor bus in the 1920s allowed the residential areas along the railway lines to broaden and the increase of car ownership since about 1950 has led to both residential and industrial development in open areas around cities. This growth leads to longer journeys to work, school, or shopping.

The third factor is the growth of private cars. To own a car has become not only pleasant, but in many cases simply necessary. However, car ownership leads to road congestion.

Exercise 2 Answer the questions

Are there any factors that have caused the present problem of urban transport?

What is the first factor?

What allowed the residential areas along the railway lines to broaden?

What is the third factor?

Exercise 3 Write and translate the sentences. Underline the predicate and determine its time construction.

1. The problem of the urban transportation has become very important.

2. The distribution of population changes constantly.

3. That car was introduced in 1920s.

4. The cities developed because of the need for people.

Exercise 4 Write and translate the sentences. Find out and underline Participle I and Participle II in the sentences

1. The problem solved by him was very difficult.

2. Changing the distribution of population within cities they began to decide the problem.

3. We looked at the destroyed bridge.

4. Deciding the problem he involved himself in a very difficult situation.

Lesson 4 Economy and Industry

Exercise 1 Read and translate the text.

U kraine has significant economic potential. The leading branch is industry, where the major part of national income is made. Total amount of industry branches makes up 300. Significant development is achieved in agriculture.

Nowadays Ukraine appears as manufacturer of different competitive on international markets products and owns considerable bank of unique technologies and scientific developments which realization opens prospects of new facilities for national and world progress.

Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk and Odesa are world famous scientific centers.

Genetic engineering and biotechnologies, monocrystals and artificial diamonds, material science researches, including radiation researches, as well as ultra-hard materials and welding researches, including space welding researches, fundamental researches in mathematics, theoretical physics, biology and chemistry put Ukraine in line with advanced highly developed states with considerable scientific and technical potential.

Ukraine takes one of the leading positions in the world on personnel training and qualification level.

Ukraine’s chernozems are considered as world’s best chernozem soils and contain all the necessary elements for stable growth of crop capacity on the assumption of continual production optimization, application of modern technologies and chemico-biological facilities of crops forming and protection.

Ukraine has well-developed network of all transport modes. The leading positions drop to railways with an extent of 21.9 thousand km.

Main Ukrainian sea ports are: Illichivsk, Pivdennyi, Mariupol, Odesa, Reni, Kherson, Mykolayiv.

Main internal waterway is Dniproriver. Danube is also important waterway for export and import transactions.

The largest airports of Ukraine are: Kyiv, Simferopol, Donetsk, Odesa, Lviv, Kharkiv.

New words and expressions:

significant economic potential – значний економічний потенціал

the leading branch – основна галузь

national income – національний дохід

total amount – загальна кількість

agriculture – сільське господарство

international markets products – продукція (товари на міжнародному ринку)

unique technologies – унікальні технології

new facilities – нові можливості

scientific centers – наукові центри

artificial diamonds – штучні діаманти

ultra-hard materials – надтверді матеріали

welding – зварювання

advanced highly developed states – передові високорозвинені країни

network – мережа

transport modes – транспортні напрямки

Exercise 2 Answer the questions

Ukraine has significant economic potential, hasn’t it?

What is the leading branch in Ukraine economy?

What are the world famous scientific centers?

What put Ukraine in line with advanced highly developed states with considerable scientific and technical potential?

What do you know about Ukraine’s chernosems?

Do the leading positions drop to railways or to waterways?

Exercise 3 Name the largest airports of Ukraine.

Name the main sea ports.

Name the main internal waterways.

Exercise 4 Match the words with their translation.

1) significant economic potential 2) the leading branch 3) national income 4) total amount 5) agriculture 6) international markets products 7) unique technologies 8) new facilities 9) scientific centers 10) artificial diamonds 11) ultra-hard materials 12) welding 13) advanced highly developed states 14) network 15) transport modes

a) національний дохід b) нові можливості c) надтверді матеріали d) продукція (товари на міжнародному ринку) e) передові високорозвинені країни f) штучні діаманти g) зварювання h) значний економічний потенціал i) мережа j) унікальні технології k) сільське господарство l) транспортні напрямки m) основна галузь n) наукові центри o) загальна кількість

Exercise 5 Use the table of the 1^st type of Conditional Sentences and fill in the gaps. Translate those sentences into Ukrainian.

If + підмет + присудок в Pr. Simple, підмет + will + Infinitive (без частки to). Наприклад: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation

1. If Ukraine _____ (to take) one of the leading positions in the world on personnel training, the budget ______ (to increase) rapidly.

2. If Ukraine ____ (to achieve) well-developed network of all transport modes, it ____ (not to have) traffic jams in the roads.

3. If Ukraine ____ (to have) different sea ports, ____ it ____ (to have) the international investments in the spheres of water logistics?

4. If our country ____ (to achieve) the great success in welding researches, it ____ (to share) results with different states.

5. If the national income of Ukraine ____ (to increase) fast, we ____ (to invest) the great sum of money in the fields of science and social support.

Lesson 5 Trucking

Exercise 1 Read and translate the text.

Truck is a motor vehicle used to carry freights. Trucks transport a wide variety of cargo. They carry food to grocery stores and gasoline to service stations. Many industries use trucks to haul raw materials to factories and to carry manufactured products to warehouses and stores. Trucks also transport manufactured parts to assembly plants, where finished products are made. Farmers truck almost all fruits, vegetables, and livestock from farms to the markets. They also transport crops, such as hay and various grains by truck. In addition, they use trucks to haul fertilizer, livestock feed, farm machinery, and other items. Trucks are also used in cities to sweep streets, clear away snow, and collect garbage. Armed forces use trucks to carry equipment, troops, and weapons. Besides, trucks are required to transport mail. Furthermore, many people use trucks to move their furniture, household goods, and personal belongings from one apartment or house to another. Some large trucks can even be used to move houses. In fact, trucks help transport nearly everything we eat, wear and use. Some kinds of trucks are commonly called vans. The British word for truck is lorry.

Trucks are often used in combination with other forms of transportation in a method called piggybacking. For example, a loaded trailer can be separated from a truck tractor and moved onto a railroad flatcar. The trailer is then transported to a railroad terminal, where it is reconnected to another truck tractor. The truck driver then delivers the goods. Truck trailers can also be carried by ship or ferry.