Vocabulary:

1. – будівельний матеріал

2. – композити

3. – житлові будівлі

4. – клеєний ламінований пиломатеріал

5. – плита LVL (конструкційний матеріал у вигляді фанерної

плити, в якій волокна всіх шарів шпону розташовані

паралельно один до одного)

6. – зазнавати дії корозії

7. – покриття

8. – тут: пиломатеріал

9. – матеріал для виготовлення віконниць, жалюзі

10. – цвіль, пліснява

11. – бетон

12. – залізобетон

13. – тріска

14. – деревостружкова плита

15. – плита середньої щільності

16. – плита ОСВ – “структурно-орієнтована дошка” (багатошарова

деревна плита)

17. – вторинні деревинні матеріали

18. – ножові вироби

19. – палички для їжі (напр., у Китаї)

20. – художній засіб

21. – різьблення, різьбярський виріб

22. – графіка

23. – гравірування

24. – численний

25. – відновлюваний ресурс

26. – лісогосподарська діяльність

27. – той, що може бути використаний повторно

28. – заміна гумових шин

29. – медичні речовини

30. – тканини високої міцності

Read and translate the text.

Sawing Machinery

The timber which has been felled in the forest goes a long way till it reaches the sawmill. A sawmill is a manufacturing plant in which logs are converted to lumber by running them through a series of saws. First, logs come to head rig (1) (or head saw). Head rig is the primary saw in a sawmill operation, on which logs are first cut into cants and boards before being sent on to other saws for further processing. Head saw machines are either of circular or band saw type. Circular head rig is also available as double circular saw(2). It is often used where large timber is cut. It consists of the main saw and the top saw. The top saw rotates in a direction opposite to the direction of the main saw. Originally circular saws were used as head saws in sawmills, but nowadays they are being replaced by the band saw. The band saw is a most versatile machine. It has an endless blade traveling around two pulleys(3). The blade travels so that the cut is continuous. It cuts curve and straight lines in thin as well as in thick stock. If the band saw has a fence(4), it can be used for ripping(5) and resawing(6) (cutting a board into thinner boards). Cants can be cut with a gang saw. The gang saw consists of many single saws which are fixed in a frame that works up and down and can saw a cant into many boards at a time (in a single pass). The saws can be adjusted to cut boards of various thickness.

The log which is to be cut by the band or circular saw, is put onto the carriage. The carriage moves the log against the band or circular saw. It is fitted with devices to put and hold the log in the desired position and to set it for the desired thickness of lumber. As boards are sawn, they fall onto live rollers, then they move to a conveyor to be edged, ripped and trimmed. Trimming(7) for length is done by definitely spaced circular saws. Trim saws also cut out bad defects.

Skillful manufacturing of lumber involves not only fine and well-aligned machinery, but the coordination of many workmen. The sawyer at the head rig, the edger man and the trimmer man are key men in the sawmill.

Thus, the sawing machinery may be grouped into head-saws (head rigs) which cut logs into boards, planks or cants, and resaws which re-manufacture the materials which are cut by the head-saws into smaller size lumber. Head-saw machines are either of the circular or band-saw type, while resaws may be of circular, band or gang type.

Vocabulary :

(1) – головний пилковий верстат

(2) – двопилковий верстат для поздовжнього розпилювання

(3) – шкиви

(4) – напрямна лінійка (верстата)

(5) – поздовжнє розпилювання

(6) – розпилювання на заготовки визначеного розміру

(7) – поперечне розкроювання пиломатеріалів, обторцьовування

Read and translate the text.