- •New Possibilities with Bendywood ………………………………….. 86
- •Some Words about Wood
- •I. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Match the words and word combinations in column a with their English
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. Translate the sentences into
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Some Words about Wood
- •VI. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once.
- •VII. Use the word combinations from ex. VI in the following sentences.
- •VIII. Give synonyms to the underlined words using the words from the list.
- •Meet, valuable, effectively, mainly, consider, affect
- •IX. Find in the text opposites to the following words.
- •X. Fill in the correct preposition if necessary and translate the sentences.
- •XI. Match the words with their definitions.
- •XII. One word in each line is odd. Cross this word out, and say why you have
- •XIII. Decide if the following statements are true or false. Correct the wrong
- •XIV. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive Voice
- •XV. Talking points.
- •Structure of Wood
- •I. Learn the following words and word combinations.
- •II. Match the words and word combinations in column a with their Ukrainian
- •III. Read and translate the following sentences.
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Structure of Wood
- •V. Which of the alternatives has the following meaning:
- •VI. Match the words in column a with their opposites in column b.
- •VII. Complete the sentences with the words from exercise VI.
- •VIII. Match the words and word combinations in column a with the words in
- •IX. Decide if the following statements are true or false. Correct the wrong
- •X. Periphrase the underlined parts of the sentences using the words and word
- •XI. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XIII. Answer the following questions.
- •Grain, Texture, and Figure
- •I. Learn the following words and word combinations.
- •II. Match the words and word combinations in column a with their Ukrainian
- •III. Read and translate the following sentences.
- •IV. Read and translate the text.
- •V. Find for the words in column a (types of grain) their definitions in column b.
- •VI. A) Match the word-combinations in column a with their synonyms
- •In column b.
- •VII. Periphrase the underlined parts of the sentences using the words and word-
- •VIII. Each line of words has an odd word or word-combination. Cross out the
- •IX. Decide if the following sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Answer the following questions.
- •Defects in Wood
- •I. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Match words and word combinations in column a with words and word
- •III. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Defects in Wood
- •V. Complete the following sentences choosing the best answer a, b, c or d
- •Abnormal artificial suitable (2) distortion stiffness surrounding natural the longitudinal axis
- •VIII. Fill in prepositions. With by to (3) from across in of (2) on for at
- •In column b.
- •XI. Mark the statements t (true) or f (false) according to the information in the
- •XII. Guess the following words and word combinations.
- •XIII. Give the English equivalents.
- •XIV. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •XV. Talking points.
- •Physical, Mechanical and Technological Properties of Wood
- •I. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •III. Read and translate the following sentences.
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Physical, Mechanical and Technological Properties of Wood
- •V. Add the missing letters to the words below. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •VI. Match the words with their definitions.
- •VII. Match the words with the correct prepositions from the list below. If you are
- •From on within by (2) in to below
- •VIII. Complete the sentences using the words and word combinations from the
- •IX. Match the word combinations in a, b and c to make up sentences.
- •X. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false sentences.
- •XI. Put the words in the right order to make questions. Work in pairs: let your
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XIII. Talking points. Work with a partner to discuss the following:
- •How Industry Produces Lumber and Lumber Products
- •I. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •III. Read the text and translate it. How Industry Produces Lumber and Lumber Products
- •Plain-sawn, trimmer, edging, crawler, grain, tree, chain, band, quarter-sawn, squared, sorting, accurate, chain, tree
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the list changing the grammar form
- •IX. Fill in prepositions where necessary and translate the sentences into
- •X. Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •XI. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •XII. Give the English equivalents.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XIV. Answer the following questions.
- •Drying of Wood
- •I. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Match the English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian
- •III. Read and translate the following text. Drying of Wood
- •IV. Match words in a with the words in b to make a phrase. More than one
- •V. A) Guess the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Which of the alternatives has the following meaning?
- •VII. Complete sentences by matching the parts in a with parts in b .
- •VIII. Periphrase the underlined parts of the sentences using the words from the
- •X. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Let your partner
- •XI. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XII. Talking points. Discuss with your partner:
- •Particleboards
- •I. Learn the following vocabulary.
- •II. Match the English terms with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •III. Read and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •IV. Read and translate the text.
- •V. Which of the alternatives has the following meaning:
- •VI. Match the phrases in a, b and c to make up sentences.
- •VII. Say whether the following sentences are true or false. Correct the wrong
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive Voice
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •I. Learn the following vocabulary:
- •II. Guess the following words using ex. I.
- •III. Use the words from exercise II in the following sentences and translate them:
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Plywood
- •V. Complete the following sentences choosing the best answer a, b, or c according
- •VI. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to make word
- •VII. Use the word combinations from exercise VI in the following sentences.
- •VIII. Fill in the correct preposition if necessary and translate the sentences. Of at to with over upon into against onto under on
- •IX. Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •X. Decide if the following statements are true or false. Correct the wrong
- •XI. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XII. Talking points.
- •Finishing of Wood
- •I. Learn the following words and word combinations.
- •II. Guess the following words using ex. I.
- •IV. Complete the following sentences choosing the best answer a, b, or c
- •VII. A) Match the words in column a with the words in column b to make a
- •VIII. Match the words with their definitions.
- •IX. Decide if the following statements are true or false. Correct the wrong
- •XI. Translate the following words and word combinations into English.
- •XIII. Talking points.
- •Texts for Supplementary Reading
- •Wood and Its Uses
- •Vocabulary:
- •Sawing Machinery
- •Fibreboard
- •Vocabulary:
- •Paperboard Usage and Making
- •Vocabulary:
- •New Possibilities with Bendywood
- •Vocabulary:
- •Adhesives
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •List of Common Wood Species
- •Raised grain рельєфна хвилястість (нерівність поверхні струганої дошки)
- •Warping of wood жолоблення деревини
- •Список використаної літератури
XII. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Вміст вологи є важливим фактором, який впливає на всі фізичні та
механічні властивості деревини.
2. Проникність деревини, яка є здатністю пропускати рідину або гази,
залежить від будови деревних клітин.
3. Деревина всихає тоді, коли її вологість є нижчою ніж точка насичення
волокна.
4. Комбінований ефект високих температур та вологості значно впливає
на міцність деревини.
5. Теплопровідність у поздовжньому напрямку є більшою ніж у
радіальному чи тангентальному напрямку.
6. Пружність деревини залежить від розташування і напрямку волокна,
вологості та величини навантаження.
7. Така властивість деревини як жорсткість у поздовжньому напрямку
використовується при виробництві композитних матеріалів, де
контролюється напрям волокон деревини.
8. Пластичність є дуже цінною властивістю деревини, яку використовують
при виготовленні гнутих меблів.
9. Швидкість проходження звукової хвилі крізь деревину використовується
для визначення її механічної міцності.
10. Межа міцності визначається максимальним напруженням, яке деревина
витримує (withstands) не руйнуючись .
XIII. Talking points. Work with a partner to discuss the following:
1. Physical characteristics of wood. What do they depend on?
2. Mechanical characteristics of wood. What are they influenced by?
3. Which properties of wood are important to: a) making furniture,
b) determining some properties of wood?
Unit 6
How Industry Produces Lumber and Lumber Products
I. Learn the following words and word combinations:
a) Seed – насіння
supply – запас
to depend on smth – залежати від чогось
to harvest – заготовляти (деревину)
lumber, timber – пиломатеріал, лісоматеріал
to cut (cut, cut) – розкроювати, зрізати, різати
to look after smth – піклуватись про щось
to drop smth – кидати щось
selection - відбip
to buck - розкряжовувати
sawlog – пиловник (колода для виготовлення пиляного
матеріалу загального призначення)
log – колода
to drag – тягти, буксирувати
crawler tractor – гусеничний трактор
to load – навантажувати
sawmill – лісопильний завод, лісопилка
framesaw – лісопильна рама
chain conveyor – ланцюговий конвеєр
carriage – візок (стрічкопилкового пристрою)
blade – полотно (пилки)
to treat with – обробляти
to grade – сортувати, вирівнювати
sorting shed – сортувальне приміщення
to saw (sawed, sawn) – пиляти
to saw off – відпилювати
quarter-sawn – радіально розпиляний (пиломатеріал)
plain-sawn – тангентального розпилювання (про пиломатеріал)
squared timber – чисто обрізаний матеріал, чотирикантовий брус (який має
чотири повздовж оброблені поверхні)
to cut the boards to standard width – обрізати дошки до стандартної ширини
to trim – торцювати (дошки)
to trim to length and width – торцювати по довжині і обрізати крайки по
ширині
to saw lumber into sizes – розпилювати пиломатеріал за розмірами
to size – сортувати за розмірами
to size to accurate dimensions – сортувати точно за розмірами
a plane – рубанок, фуганок
edge – крайка пиломатеріалу (будь-яка з двох протилежних вужчих
поздовжніх обпиляних поверхонь обрізного пиломатеріалу)
face – пласть (будь-яка з двох пропиляних ширших поздовжніх поверхонь
пиломатеріалу)
to plane (to surface) – стругати
grain pattern – текстурний візерунок (деревини)
tangent to – по дотичній до
at the right angle to – під прямим кутом до ...
wood ray – серцевинний промінь
annual ring – річне кільце
to wear evenly – стиратися рівномірно
b)
1. head
1. головний
пилковий верстат
2. band
2. стрічкова пилка
3. circular
saw
3. кругла (циркулярна) пилка
4.
re
4. ділильна (реброва) пилка
5. edging 5. крайкообрізувальний верстат
6.
trimmer
6. торцювальний верстат
7. chain 7. ланцюгова пила
