С .Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ		КАЗАХСКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ С.Д.АСФЕНДИЯРОВА
КАФЕДРА ПОЛИТИКИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕМ

Доклад

Тема: «Hashimoto`s disease».

Выполнила: Усенова М.

Факультет:Общая медицина

Группа-040, подгруппа-2

Проверил (а):Абирова Ж.М.

Contents

• What is Hashimoto's disease?

• What are the symptoms of Hashimoto's disease?

• Who gets Hashimoto'sdisease?

• What causes Hashimoto'sdisease?

• How do I find out if I have Hashimoto's disease?

• How is Hashimoto's disease treated?

• What would happen if Hashimoto’s disease is not treated?

• Does pregnancy affect the thyroid?

• Do I need a thyroid test if I become pregnant?

• I have Hashimoto's disease and want to have a baby. What should I do before I try to get pregnant?

• How is Hashimoto's disease treated during pregnancy?

• Can I breastfeed if I am using thyroid replacement therapy?

• More information on Hashimoto'sdisease

What isHashimoto's disease?

Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. It also is called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (theye-royd-EYET-uhss). The thyroid is a small gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4 that regulate how the body uses energy. Thyroid hormone levels are controlled by the pituitary, which is a pea-sized gland in the brain. It makes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which triggers the thyroid to make thyroid hormone.

With Hashimoto’s disease, the immune system makes antibodies that damage thyroid cells and interfere with their ability to make thyroid hormone. Over time, thyroid damage can cause thyroid hormone levels to be too low. This is called an underactive thyroid or hypothyroidism. An underactive thyroid causes every function of the body to slow down, such as heart rate, brain function, and the rate your body turns food into energy. Hashimoto’s disease is the most common cause of an underactive thyroid. It is closely related to Graves’ disease, another autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid.

What are the symptoms of Hashimoto's disease?

Many people with Hashimoto’s disease have no symptoms for years. An enlarged thyroid, called a goiter, is often the first sign of disease. The goiter may cause the front of the neck to look swollen. You or your doctor may notice the goiter. If large, it may cause a feeling of fullness in the throat or make it hard to swallow. It rarely causes pain.

Many people with Hashimoto’s disease develop an underactive thyroid. They may have mild or no symptoms at first. But symptoms tend to worsen over time. Symptomsofanunderactivethyroidinclude:

• Fatigue

• Weightgain

• Pale, puffyface

• Feelingcold

• Joint and musclepain

• Constipation

• Dry, thinning hair

• Heavy menstrual flow or irregular periods

• Depression

• A slowed heart rate

• Problemsgettingpregnant

Who gets Hashimoto'sdisease?

Hashimoto’s disease is about 7 times more common in women than in men. It can occur in teens and young women, but more commonly shows up in middle age. People who get Hashimoto’s disease often have family members who have thyroid or other autoimmune diseases. People who get Hashimoto’s disease sometimes have other autoimmune diseases, such as:

• Vitiligo (vit-ihl-eye-goh) — a disease that destroys the cells that give your skin its color

• Rheumatoid arthritis  — a disease that affects the lining of the joints throughout the body

• Addison’s disease — a disease that affects the adrenal glands, which make hormones that help your body respond to stress and regulate your blood pressure and water and salt balance

• Type 1 diabetes — a disease that causes blood sugar levels to be too high

• Graves’ disease — a disease that causes the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone

• Pernicious (pur-NISH-uhss) anemia — a disease that keeps your body from absorbing vitamin B12 and making enough healthy red blood cells

• Lupus — a disease that can damage many parts of the body, such as the joints, skin, blood vessels, and other organs