Эти глаголы во вспомогательной функции используются для образования видовременных форм глаголов.

SIMPLE (простое)

CONTINUOUS (длит. несов. вид)

PERFECT (заверш. сов. вид)

PERFECT CONTINUOUS(сов. длит)

1-я и 2-я осн. ф. гл.

be + …ing

have + 3-я осн. ф. гл.

Perfect to be + … ing

PRESENT (наст.вр.от 1-ой осн. ф.)

I write letters. (always) We}

You write letters. You} write…

He (she, it) writes letters. They}

Do you always write letters? –Yes, I do.

Does he always write letters?-. No, he doesn’t.

We don’t write letters.

She doesn’t write letters.

I am writing letters (now).

You are writing letters now).

He (…) is writing letters (now).

We (…) are writing letters (now).

Am I writing letters? – Yes, I am.

Are you writing letters?- No, I am not.

Is he(…) writing letters? – Yes, he is.

I am not writing letters.

I have already written the letters. – Я (…) уже написал письма.

He (she, it) has already written the letters.

We (you, they) have already written the letters.

Have you already written the letters?

Has he already written the letters?

-Yes, I have. – No, he hasn’t.

We haven’t written the letters yet.

Длительное действие, начавшееся в прошлом и закончившееся к наст. моменту или продолжающееся в наст. момент

I have been writing l the etters since 5 o’clock. – Я пишу письма с пяти часов.

PAST (прош.вр от 2-ой осн. Ф.)

I always wrote letters.

You always wrote letters.

He always wrote letters.

We (…) wrote letters.

Did you always write letters? –Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

I (he, she, it) was writing letters

at 5 yesterday.

You (we, they) were writing letters.

Was she writing letters? – Yes, she was. – No, he wasn’t.

You were not writing letters.

I (you, he, she, it, we, they) had written the letters when he came. – Когда он пришёл, я уже написал письма.

Had she written the letters? –Yes, she had. –No, she hadn’t.

They hadn’t written letters.

Длительное действие, начавшееся в прошлом и закончившееся к определённому моменту в прошлом

I had been writing the letters for two hours when he came. – Когда он пришёл, я в течение двух часов писал письма.

FUTURE = shall (will) + 1-. осно. ф. буд..вр.

I (we) shall always write letters.

You (he, she, it, they) will always write letters.

Shall we always write letters?

Will you always write letters?

I shall not always write letters.

He will not always write letters.

I (we) shall be writing letters from 5 till 6 tomorrow.

You (…) will be writing letters.

Shall we be writing letters?

– Yes, we shall.

Will they be writing letters?

• No, they will not.

They will not be writing letters.

I (we) shall have written the letters by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

You (…) will have written the letters by 5 o’clock tomorrow. – Завтра к 5 часам ты (…) напишешь письма.

Will you have written the letters by 5 o’clock tomorrow? – Yes, I shall. – No, he will not.

She will not have written the letters by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

Действие, которое начнётся до определённого момента в будущем и будет продолжаться до этого момента и в этот момент в будущем.

In 15 minutes

I shall have been writing the letters for two hours. – Через 15 минут будет два часа, как я пишу письма.

(Соответствует сложноподчинённым предложениям в русском языке)

always usually

every day (month, year…)

often seldom never …

процесс действия

now, at the moment, at (в) 5 yesterday, from 3 till 7… (с…до…) tomorrow

результат действия

already, by (к) 5 o’clock yesterday,

by (к) 6 o’clock tomorrow, yet

3 осн. ф.

write – wrote – written

do – did - done

be – was, were – been

Искл.( не образуют Continuous): to live-to love, to be-to stay,

to want-to like, to see-to hear, to think-

to know, to remember-to feel: I think…

have – had – had