VII .Reading

Задание 1. Прочитайте быстро текст “Heating”. Постарайтесь понять, о чем он. Затем прочитайте еще раз внимательно. Такой метод поможет Вам лучше понять, что Вы читаете и успешно выполнить послетекстовые задания. Слова, помеченные розовым цветом, Вы сможете найти в разделе Vocabulary. Переведите текст.

Heating

Heating is concerned with providing a required atmospheric environment within a space, exactly with respect to heat supply to produce a desired temperature for maintaining comfort, health or efficiency of the occupants.

One of the principal methods of heating building is to circulate hot water through radiators which are located in each room. The water is heated in a boiler by a burner and is kept at a constant temperature by a thermostat device called an aquastat .The aquastat is located on the outlet pipe from the boiler. The pipe runs in a continuous loop from the boiler to the radiators and back to the boiler. The function of a radiator is to transfer the heat from the hot water to the air in the room. Therefore they are made of a material which has the property of high thermal conductivity. The shape of the radiator is also important because the greater the surface area the more rapidly it gives off heat. One type of radiator, called a fin tube, consists of a number of thin fins shaped like a circle which are welded to a pipe passing through their centers.

A thermostat in the room can be set to the required temperature. When the air temperature in the room decreases, the thermostat switches on the pump which is located on the return line from the radiators. When the room reaches the set temperature, the thermostat switches off the pump.

An expansion tank is provided to allow for expansion of the water as it heats. A safety valve located on the pipe leading to this tank, serves to relieve the pressure in the boiler if it is too high.

Panel heating is another method of introducing heat to rooms in which the emitting surfaces are usually completely concealed in the floor, walls or ceiling. The heat is disseminated from such panels partly by radiation and partly by convection the relative amounts depending on the panel location. Ceiling panels release the largest proportion of heat by radiation and floor panels the smallest. The proportion of heat disseminated by radiation and convection is also dependent to some extent upon panel-surface temperature.

The basic advantage claimed for a panel heating system is that of comfort.

Application of certain panels is frequently restricted by structural details. Other factors to be considered are type of occupancy, furniture or equipment location, and large glass areas, heat-storing capacity of building construction, room height, and possible change of wall partitions, climate, exposure and first cost.

As for fuels used for heating buildings they include coal, oil, manufactured and natural gases. Nowadays, gas fuel is being used on an ever increasing level.

Задание 2. К следующим английским терминам подберите их определения из правого столбца. Ответ запишите в строку в виде комбинации цифр и букв.

1. pump 2. thermostat 3. aquastat 4. radiator 5. safety valve 6. burner 7. expansion tank

g. a part of the heating system circulates hot water through the continuous pipe; a. a part acts as the room temperature controller; c. a part functions as a means of controlling the temperature of the water in the boiler; d. a part is designed to transfer the heat from the hot water to the air in the room; f. a part prevents the boiler from blowing up; e. a part serves as a device for heating the water in the boiler; b. a part enables the water to expand safely.

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Задание 3. Дополните предложения одной из данных частей в соответствии с содержанием текста. Ответ запишите в строку в виде комбинации цифр и букв.

1. When the pump is switched on, 2. When the temperature of the water in the boiler decreases, 3. When the temperature of the water in the boiler reaches the set temperature, 4. When the air temperature decreases, 5. When the radiator is turned on, 6. When the water in the boiler expands, 7. When the boiler pressure is too high,

e. hot water flows through the pipe to the radiator. g. the aquastat starts up the burner. a. the aquastat shuts down the burner. d. the thermostat switches on the burner. b. heat is transferred from the hot water to the air in the room. f. it flows into the expansion tank. c. the safety valve relieves the pressure.

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Задание 4. Закончите данные предложения, добавив один из предложенных вариантов, подходящих по смыслу. Ответ запишите в строку в виде комбинации цифр и букв.

1. Panel heating is another method of introducing heat to rooms in which …

A…. radiators give up their heat to the environment.

B.… the emitting surfaces are usually completely concealed in the floor, walls or ceiling.

C.… the air is heated by means of steel or copper pipes.

D…. the comfort is maintained by means of natural gas.

2. The proportion of heat disseminated by radiation and convection is also dependent to…

1. …adjacent and remote spaces to be heated.

2. …the temperature of the walls, floor and ceiling of the enclouser the human being is occupying.

3. …both heating and ventilation.

4. …some extent upon panel-surface temperatures.

3. The basic advantage claimed for a panel heating system is …

1. …that of comfort.

2. …that of cost.

3. …that of climate.

4. …that of equipment location.

4. Application of certain panels is frequently restricted by…

1. …temperature range.

2. …heating equipment.

3. …structural details.

4. …types of fuel.

5. As for fuels used for heating buildings they include…

1. …oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.

2. …kerosine, petrol and gasoline.

3. …coal, oil and gas.

D. …paper, plywood and wood.

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