1.2 Вопросы для самоконтроля

1. What is the typical text structure?

2. What are the attributes of a good title?

3. What is the purpose of an abstract?

4. What materials are relevant to be included in the article?

5. What is the difference between the “results” and “discussion”?

6. How should the cited literature in the article be organized?

1.3 Задания для практики

Exercise 1. Study the abstract from the scientific research papers. Think about the possible title for the article. Make out the possible outline of the article.

Abstract

The challenge of meeting human development needs while protecting the earth's life support systems confronts scientists, technologists, policy makers, and communities from local to global levels. Many believe that science and technology (S&T) must play a more central role in sustainable development, yet little systematic scholarship exists on how to create institutions that effectively harness S&T for sustainability. This study suggests that efforts to mobilize S&T for sustainability are more likely to be effective when they manage boundaries between knowledge and action in ways that simultaneously enhance the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of the information they produce. Effective systems apply a variety of institutional mechanisms that facilitate communication, translation and mediation across boundaries.

Exercise 2. Follow the link http://www.pnas.org/content/100/14/8086.full.pdf+html and compare your predictions with the fact. Analyse the structure of the article, the way it was organized, the language and style used, etc.

1.4 Глоссарий по теме 1

abbreviation-the short form of a word or phrase

abstract-a short summary of the aims and scope of a journal article

acknowledgements -a list of people the author wishes to thank for their assistance, found in books and articles

appendix (plural – appendices)-a section at the end of a book or article contain supplementary information

azine

bias-a subjective preference for one point of view

bibliography-a list of sources an author has read but not specifically cited

citation-an in-text reference providing a link to the source

cohesion-linking ideas in a text together by use of reference words

conclusion-the final section of an essay or report

hypothesis-a theory which a researcher is attempting to explore/ test

introduction-the first part of an essay or article

main body-the principal part of an essay, after the introduction and before the conclusion

outline-a preparatory plan for a piece of writing

plagiarism-using another writer’s work without acknowledgement in an acceptable manner

quotation-use of the exact words of another writer to illustrate your writing

references-a list of all the sources you have cited in your work

restatement -repeating a point in order to explain it more clearly

source-the original text you have used to obtain an idea or piece of information


synopsis-a summary of an article or book