- •English for masters
- •Unit 1 mechanical engineering text 1 Machine-tools
- •1 Complete the table:
- •2 Answer the question:
- •3 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 2 Main Operations of Heat Treatment
- •1 Define the main idea of the text:
- •2 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 3 Forging Process and Equipment
- •1 Fill in the scheme with information from the text in English.
- •2 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •3 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 4 Modern Computer Technologies
- •1 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 5 Safety Engineering
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Unit 2 materials text 1 Materials Science and Technology
- •1 Complete the table:
- •2 Complete the statement according to the text:
- •3 Answer the question:
- •Text 2 Engineering Materials
- •1 Complete the table using the information from the text:
- •2 Define, which of the statements is true to the text.
- •3 Define the main idea of the text:
- •Text 3 Composite Materials
- •1 Complete the statement according to the text.
- •2 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •3 Answer the question:
- •Text 4 Plastics
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 5 Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals
- •1 Sum up the information of the text, complete the table:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Unit 3 casting text 1 Engineering Castings
- •1 What statement is true to the text?
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 2 Sand Casting Process
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 Answer the question:
- •Text 3 The Pressure Die Casting Process
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Answer the question:
- •Text 4 Casting and Titanium Alloys
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Virtualisation of Casting Engineering
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Unit 4 welding text 1 Basic Principles of Welding
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 2 Electric Welding
- •1 Find topical sentences in each paragraph of the text.
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Text 3 Laser Welding
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 4 mig Welding
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 5 Welding Flux
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Unit 5 quality control and standardization text 1 Quality Control
- •1 Answer the question:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 2 Planning for Quality
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Text 3 Quality Control Management
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Define the main idea of the text.
- •Text 4 The Concepts of Standards
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 5 asme’s Role in the Globalization of Codes and Standards
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Messages
- •Notices
- •Reports
- •Memoranda
- •Letters
- •Envelopes
- •Phrases for business letters
- •Business vocabulary
- •Technical vocabulary
- •Contents
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 82а
1 Define the main idea of the text:
a) All operations of heat treatment improve metals properties for certain applications.
b) Heat treatment is an operation of rapid cooling after high temperature.
c) Engineers use heat treatment to develop progressive technologies as it gives them the opportunity to control the nature of metal.
2 Say, what statement is true to the text.
a) Annealing is a heat treatment when metal at high temperature is rapidly cooled.
b) There are 3 methods of heat treatment: nut riding, tempering and annealing.
c) Methods of heat treatment are used to obtain steels and other metals with certain mechanical properties for certain needs.
BUSINESS ACTIVITY
Complete the dialogue:
A: “The table on page 4 and the one on page 7 completely contradict each other”.
B: “______________”.
I’m sorry. I will correct this mistake right now.
It’s not my fault!
Is this our problem?
I don’t understand this situation.
What type of document is in the box?
…………………………………………………………………………………............. On 12 August I ordered spare parts under my order number FT 567. On opening the parcel I found that it contained bearings. I trust you will credit my account with the invoiced value of the returned bearings including reimbursement for the postage cost of $ 40. ………………………………………………………………………………................. |
Letter of Complaint
Inquiry Letter
Memo
Cover Letter
Text 3 Forging Process and Equipment
Forging is a shaping of a piece of metal by pushing with open or closed dies. It is usually done hot in order to reduce the required force and increase the metals plasticity.
Open-die forging is usually done by hammering a part between two flat faces. Open die forgings are produced on flat dies, round swage dies and v-dies, either in pairs or in combination with a flat die.
The earliest forging machines lifted a large hammer that was then dropped on the work piece, but now air and steam hammers are used.
Open-die forging with modern hammers and presses is technological extension of the preindustrial blacksmith working with a hammer and anvil. The upper die is attached to the ram, and lower die to the hammer anvil or press bed. The open die process is usually associated with large parts such as shafts, sleeves and disks, weighing up to 1.000.000 ib. Materials for open die forging vary from carbon alloy, stainless and tool steels to aluminium, titanium and nickel-based alloys for high temperature applications. Metals are worked above their recrystallization temperature. Die forging comprises the majority of commercial forging production. It is carried out in two cavities that are brought together in a hammer or press. The work piece undergoes plastic deformation until its enlarged sides contact the side walls of the die. When the die cavity is nearly filled, a small amount of material flows ant side the die, forming flash. The flash cools rapidly and presents increased resistance to further metal flow. This increases the pressure in the work piece, assuring complete die filling.
Closed-die forging is the shaping of hot metal within the walls of two dies that come together to enclose the work piece on all sides. The process starts with a rod or bar cut to the length needed to fill the die. With closed dies, parts can be made to close tolerances so that little finish machining is required.
Two closed-die forging operations are given special names. They are upsetting and coining. Coining involves small strains and is done cold. Upsetting involves a flow of the metal back upon itself.
Precision forging is not a special technology, it’s refinement of existing technology. Precision forgings are held to tolerances of ±0.015 in, and can be used with little or no secondary machining while aluminium and magnesium alloys can be readily forged to close tolerances, it is difficult to precision forge steels, titanium alloys and other less forgeable metals that require higher forging temperatures and pressures. Precision forgings are used extensively in aircraft and aerospace industries.
Forging makes metal parts stronger than other metalworking methods. Thus forging has become more than just a way making metal parts, it has become an indispensable method of making high strength metal components.