- •English for masters
- •Unit 1 mechanical engineering text 1 Machine-tools
- •1 Complete the table:
- •2 Answer the question:
- •3 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 2 Main Operations of Heat Treatment
- •1 Define the main idea of the text:
- •2 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 3 Forging Process and Equipment
- •1 Fill in the scheme with information from the text in English.
- •2 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •3 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 4 Modern Computer Technologies
- •1 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 5 Safety Engineering
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Unit 2 materials text 1 Materials Science and Technology
- •1 Complete the table:
- •2 Complete the statement according to the text:
- •3 Answer the question:
- •Text 2 Engineering Materials
- •1 Complete the table using the information from the text:
- •2 Define, which of the statements is true to the text.
- •3 Define the main idea of the text:
- •Text 3 Composite Materials
- •1 Complete the statement according to the text.
- •2 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •3 Answer the question:
- •Text 4 Plastics
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 5 Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals
- •1 Sum up the information of the text, complete the table:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Unit 3 casting text 1 Engineering Castings
- •1 What statement is true to the text?
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 2 Sand Casting Process
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 Answer the question:
- •Text 3 The Pressure Die Casting Process
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Answer the question:
- •Text 4 Casting and Titanium Alloys
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Virtualisation of Casting Engineering
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Unit 4 welding text 1 Basic Principles of Welding
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 2 Electric Welding
- •1 Find topical sentences in each paragraph of the text.
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Text 3 Laser Welding
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 4 mig Welding
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 5 Welding Flux
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Unit 5 quality control and standardization text 1 Quality Control
- •1 Answer the question:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 2 Planning for Quality
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Text 3 Quality Control Management
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Define the main idea of the text.
- •Text 4 The Concepts of Standards
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 5 asme’s Role in the Globalization of Codes and Standards
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Messages
- •Notices
- •Reports
- •Memoranda
- •Letters
- •Envelopes
- •Phrases for business letters
- •Business vocabulary
- •Technical vocabulary
- •Contents
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 82а
1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
Polymers are very important in our life …
a) because they can be used for various purposes.
b) as all people use them in their own way.
c) because they can change metals.
2 Define, what statement is true to the text.
a) Inspite of different techniques of plastics treatment existed, extrusion is the most preferable operation.
b) Plastics can be treated like metals.
c) No plastics can be worked by different treatment operations.
BUSINESS ACTIVITY
Complete the dialogue:
Teacher: “I hope I didn’t keep you waiting”.
Dean: “______________”.
You are in time.
Better late than never.
Oh, you are here at last!
I haven’t seen you for ages!
What type of document is in the box?
………………………………………………………………………………………. We are honored to invite you to participate in our forthcoming conference “Smart materials in machine-building” to be help October 7, 2013 in American Engineering Society. ……………………………………………………………………………………….
|
a) Contract
b) Cover Letter
c) Invitation Letter
d) Letter of Complaint
Text 5 Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals
Engineers have to know the best and most economical materials to use. There are two kinds of materials used in engineering – ferrous and non-ferrous. Ferrous metal contains some degree of iron (its name derived from the Latin term meaning iron). Although ferrous alloys are specified for more engineering applications than all non-ferrous metals combined, the large family of non-ferrous metals offers a wider variety of characteristics and mechanical properties. For example, the lightest metal is lithium, 0.53 g/cm3, the heaviest, osmium, weighs 22.5 g/cm3 – nearly twice the weight of lead. Mercury melts at around 38°F, and tungsten, the metal with highest melting point, liquefies at 6.170 °F. The examples of ferrous metals are steel and cast iron. Steel is iron with a very little carbon content (to 1.7 – 2 per cent) which makes it much stronger than iron and is therefore widely used in machine building. Steels can have low-carbon, medium-carbon and high-carbon content. They differ in properties and applications. The amount of carbon in steel influences its properties considerably. Low carbon steels are quite ductile and are used in the manufacture of sheet iron, wire and pipes. Medium carbon steels (0.2 – 0.4% carbon content) are tougher and stronger and are used as structural steels. They are suitable for forging and welding. High carbon steels (0.4 – 1.5% carbon content) are hard and brittle and are used in cutting tools, surgical instruments, razor blades and springs. High-speed, which are extremely important in machine-tools, contain chromium and tungsten plus smaller amounts of vanadium, molybdenum and other metals. Cast iron contains a higher percentage of carbon (more than 2 per cent). It is the cheapest of all the engineering metals. Cast iron is divided into two classes: white iron and grey iron.
Generally speaking, ferrous alloys are magnetic, although their magnetic attraction will vary as a consequence of the amount of iron in the alloy. Stainless steel is considered a ferrous metal, but is not always magnetically attracted because a great deal of the iron is moved in the manufacturing process.
Metals and alloys which do not contain iron as a component are called non-ferrous. The production of non-ferrous metals from natural mineral ores is, in general, highly energy-intensive. The steadily increasing share in production originating from scrap, results in significant energy savings. The recyclability of metals, without loss of their intrinsic properties, adds to their competitiveness and environmental benefits.
Non-ferrous metals are expensive. The metals most frequently used to make non-ferrous metal castings are copper, tin, zinc, lead, nickel, gold and aluminium.
Copper is the eldest metal knows to man. This very useful tough reddish-brown metal is found in the form of copper ore and is produced in the form of wire, bars plates and sheets. It is used for electrical telephone wires and cables as well as water heaters, pipes. It is easily rolled and drawn.
Tin is a shiny, silvery metal found in the form of tin ore. Very few objects are made of pure tin, but it is used in making bronze, babbit and other alloys.
Zinc is a hard, brittle, bluish-white metal and is generally used as a coating for iron and steel for protection against rusting.
Lead is a very heavy, bluish-grey metal. It is the softest metal in general use. It can be easily cut with a knife. Lead is used for special lead pipes and for covering electric cables in order to protect them from oxidation.
Nickel, hard, tough, shiny and silvery metal, is found in the form of ore. It is used for covering iron and brass to make them look better, and also used as an alloy for toughening steel.
Gold is a heavy, beautiful, bright-yellow metal. Pure gold is soft to find any application in general use and is mixed with copper, silver, and other metals. Gold can be hammered into very thin sheets. It is used for making jewelry: rings, earrings, bracelets.