
- •В.П. Сімонок
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Структура підручника
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •(Речення з дієсловом to have (have got))
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Порівняльні сполучники та звороти
- •Nouns: Countable and Uncountable Plural and Singular
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •From the history of railways:
- •200 Years of progress
- •Conversational practice
- •At the Railway Ticket Office
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Possessive Case of Nouns
- •Articles
- •Imperative Sentences
- •Prepositions of Time
- •Prepositions of Place
- •Questions General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Alternative Questions
- •Tag Questions
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense in the Passive
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Exercise 49 Pre-reading discussion.
- •Railway traffic operation
- •Supplementary text railroading begins
- •Conversational practice
- •I’m sorry Excuse me of course Pardon
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Continuous Tense
- •Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •Future Continuous Tense
- •Verbs, used only in simple tenses
- •Pronouns
- •Numerals
- •Розміри, виміри
- •Номери телефонів, автобусів та ін.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The railroad track
- •Unusual railways
- •It’s interesting to know... Around the world: track innovations
- •Conversational practice
- •I’ll ring back later.
- •I’m having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
- •Grammar revision
- •The Tower of London
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Perfect Tense (Часи групи Perfect)
- •Present Perfect Tense
- •Past Perfect Tense
- •Future Perfect Tense
- •The Loch Ness Wallet
- •Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Underground railways
- •Kharkiv underground
- •It is interesting to know... News in Brief about World Metros
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Sequence of Tenses
- •Виключення з правила узгодження часів
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •Питальні речення у непрямій мові
- •The Stress Interview
- •Interview
- •Наказові речення у непрямій мові
- •Expressions of Quantity Вираження кількості
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway construction: tunnels and bridges
- •Various types of passenger stock
- •Freight cars and containers
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 46 Translate the adjectives.
- •Grammar review
- •Amazing but true!
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Father’s Motto
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Supplementary text: New Energy from Old Sources
- •Reading rules
- •Exercise 1 Read the following word groups.
- •Exercise 2 Read the following words.
- •Grammar Present Participle and Past Participle
- •Use of Participles
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Exercise 19 Translate the word combinations using participles.
- •Absolute Participle Construction
- •Compound Sentences Types of Subordinate Clauses
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Power supply system
- •Exercise 40 Answer the questions.
- •Exercise 41 Replace the italicised words with the synonyms from the text.
- •Exercise 42 Find the words from which the following derivatives are produced.
- •Is connected, float, to convert
- •Exercise 46 Match the words and their definition
- •Supplementary Text new energy from old sources
- •Exercise 52 Work in pairs. Make a list of things we take for granted in our daily lives that would not be possible without electricity. Exchange your list with those of other members of the group.
- •It’s interesting to know…
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Travelling by train
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Gerund
- •Функції герундія
- •It takes your breath away!
- •Exercise 12 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of that.
- •Shall / Will
- •Irregular verbs
- •New technologies on world railways
- •Computer Crime
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •Infinitive
- •Форми інфінітива
- •Функції інфінітива
- •Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences and word combinations.
- •Exercise 5 Translate the sentences defining the function of the Infinitive.
- •The Brave Old Lady and the Hopeless Crook1
- •Attributive Group
- •Exercise 14 Find the headword of the word combinations and translate them.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •High speed rail
- •500 Series Shinkansen
- •Supplementary Text a High-speed Trains Versus Automobiles and Airplanes
- •What is maglev?
- •Russian / German High-Speed Pact
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 35 Translate the following sentences.
- •Compound words
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Complex Object
- •Exercise 3 Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Object.
- •Exercise 9 Translate the sentences using the Complex Object.
- •Complex Subject (Суб’єктний інфінітивний зворот)
- •Exercise 14 Translate the sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •An Overheard Conversation
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •The Art of Feng Shui
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway transport economics
- •Exercise 35 Answer the following questions according to the text.
- •Exercise 36 Find English equivalents.
- •Logistics on the Move
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •The Song of the Engine
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Subjunctive Mood
- •3. Past Indefinite або Past Perfect.
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Emphasis
- •Inversion
- •Exercise 27 Let’s talk about writers (artists, composers, etc.) both classical and modern. Express your opinion on Tolstoy, Shevchenko, Levitan, Mozart, etc.
- •Compound Conjunctions (Складові сполучники)
- •Compound Prepositions (Складові прийменники)
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The future of rail transportation
- •Four Eurasian Corridors
- •Russia proposes Bering Strait tunnel
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Thoughts, that help us live
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Фонетичні правила читання голосних
- •Порядок слів у стверджувальному реченні
- •Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Pronouns
- •Functions of Modal Verbs and Synonymous Expressions
- •Prepositions after Particular Words and Expressions
- •Greetings
- •Getting Acquainted with People
- •Parting with People
- •Invitations and Proposals
- •Apologies
- •Answers
- •Agreeing
- •Disagreeing
- •Hesitations and Lack of Understanding
- •Starting a Conversation
- •Telephoning
- •Transitional Words
- •Word Formation
- •Literature
Exercise 27 Let’s talk about writers (artists, composers, etc.) both classical and modern. Express your opinion on Tolstoy, Shevchenko, Levitan, Mozart, etc.
Model: Famous as Malevich may be, I cannot understand his most well-known work ‘The Black Square’.
1. Whatever merits he (she) may have … 2. Talented as he is … 3. No matter how clever (popular, beautiful) his works may be … 4. Whatever artistic values his works may have … 5. Even if he does enjoy popularity …
Compound Conjunctions (Складові сполучники)
as ... as так (же) ... як (і) такий (же) ... як (і) |
The strength of this material is as great as that of steel. |
as long as (до тих пір) поки при умові (що) |
I shall stay with you as long as you need me. You can take my car as long as you don’t smash it up. |
as soon as як тільки |
I’ll call you as soon as you return home. |
as well as також, і ... і |
We received your letter as well as your telegram. |
both ... and як ... так і, і ... і |
She can both speak and write Japanese. |
either ... or чи ... чи, або ... або |
The chief engineer is either at the office or at the laboratory. |
in order that (для того) щоб |
The invitations were sent beforehand in order that the delegates might arrive in time. |
neither nor ні ... ні |
Neither he nor I know French. |
so that (з тим) щоб, для того щоб |
I gave him the book so that he could prepare the task at home. |
Exercise 28 Translate the sentences.
1. My younger brother is as tall as I am. 2. I’ll remember you as long as I live. 3. I’ll telephone you as soon as I return home. 4. This book is interesting as well as useful. 5. Both the bridge and the tunnel will be finished in time. 6. I’ll leave either tonight or tomorrow. 7. In order that the comfort of the driver may be improved the design of the seat was changed. 8. I could find him neither at home nor in the office. 9. They crossed the mountains so that they could reach the village before dark. 10. Both the bridge and the dam will be completed before the navigation season. 11. You can get to that part of the city either by bus or by the underground. 12. As soon as all the calculations are completed, we shall begin the tests. 13. These children know neither German nor French. 14. As long as you refuse to apply new methods the output will remain unchanged. 15. Special containers were used in order that the supply of food could be improved. 16. The investigations at the Arctic research station are carried out daily in good as well as in bad weather according to the carefully worked out plan.
Exercise 29 Use the conjunction both ... and in these sentences.
Model: 1) Peter and John like skating. – Both Peter and John like skating.
2) He was interested in English and French. – He was interested both in English and French.
1. International fairs and exhibitions are held in our country and abroad. 2. It was cold and wet yesterday. 3. We have made great programs in industry and agriculture. 4. The sister and brother like classical music. 5. High-speed trains use dedicated and conventional lines. 6. The Channel Tunnel Rail Link carries domestic and international traffic.
Exercise 30 Join the sentences with both ... and or neither ... nor.
1. He repairs cars. He repairs motorbikes too. 2. He doesn’t speak English. He doesn’t speak French. 3. I don’t like her. I don’t dislike her. 4. I admire him. I distrust him as well. 5. Paul is on holiday. Sally is on holiday too. 6. The secretary did not have the file. The accountant did not have the file. 7. The play was funny. The play was shocking. 8. He collects paintings. He collects jewellery as well. 9. You’re not right. You’re not wrong. 10. She didn’t look at me. She didn’t say anything.
Exercise 31 Fill in the gaps with either ... or, neither ... nor, both ... and.
1. Tolstoy is well known ... in Russia ... in other countries. 2. From the entrance hall you can get ... to the sitting room ... the study. 3. You may have ... tea ... coffee. 4. You must not take meat; you may have ... milk ... vegetables. 5. Don’t go by tram. You may be late for work. Take ... the underground ... a taxi. 6. ... Martha ... George is busy with this project now. 7. Jeffery could ... count ... read. 8. After dinner he ... looked through his mail ... other letters. 9. My brother used to read a lot in his childhood. He read ... Russian ... foreign writers. 10. I don’t know what else can be done. ... his wife ... his parents can influence his decision.
Exercise 32 Put in the suitable conjunctions (as long as, so that, as if, as though).
1. You can have my bike ... you bring it back tomorrow. 2. It was very dark in the passage, ... I couldn’t see where I was going. 3. You look ... you’ve seen a ghost. 4. It looks ... it’s going to rain. 5. You can cancel the ticket ... you tell the airline 48 hours in advance. 6. I’m going to the bank now, ... I’ll have enough money for shopping.
Exercise 33 Join the beginnings and ends with so that or as long as.
BEGINNINGS |
ENDS |
He went to Switzerland I don’t mind you singing We moved the piano We took some blankets We’ll come back this afternoon We’ll play tennis |
he could learn French. it doesn’t rain. that’s OK with you. there would be room for the Christmas tree. we would be warn enough. you do it quietly. |