Word building

Exercise 42 a) Express the following in one word.

Model: with pale cheeks → (pale + cheek) + -ed = pale-cheeked

With a false bottom, with a narrow waist, with a low ceiling, with a mind of a child, with a straight back, with marble columns, with broad shoulders, with black eyes.

b) Express the following in one word:

Model: tested by time → time-tested

filled with smoke → smoke-filled

Covered with mud, lined with books, stricken with panic, stained with tears, beaten by rain, driven by wind, struck by thunder, bound by duty.

c) Translate the following using the stems given.

З непокритою головою (bare, head); у м’якій шляпі (soft, hat); товстошкірий (thick, skin); розшитий шовком (silk, embroider); обмерзлий (frost, bite); скований льодом (ice, grip); той, що пахне травою (grass, scent); чотириповерховий (four, story); омиті дощем (rain, wash); усипані коштовностями (jewel, litter); у білих халатах (white, overall); зроблений руками (hand, make).

Exercise 43 Express the following in one word denoting the doer of the action.

Model: one who sells matches → a matchseller

One who drives a lorry, one who owns houses, one who wishes well, one who does wrong, one who rises early, smth. that opens letters, smth. that washes the floor, smth. that kills noise, smth. that locates sound, smth. that kills pain.

Exercise 44 Translate the terms composed of self + Present (Past) Participle.

Model: self-aiming antiaircraft missile – самонавідна зенітна ракета

Self-directing missile, self-focusing device, self-balancing phase transformer, self-supported mechanism, self-remaining reactor, self-destroying booster, self-propelled bouncer, self-cooled device, self-recording device, self-loaded gun.

Enjoy yourself

Do you know that ...

... few millionaires started with inherited wealth?

... the first Rockfeller (John D. 1839-1937) started as a clerk?

... the biggest coins (found in one of the East Pacific Islands) are so heavy that it takes several men to carry them?

... the lightest and smallest coins (southern India) were pin-head size?

... everyone is familiar with the pound sign £. But do you know that it comes form the Latin word libra meaning pound. £1 consists of 100 pence. The highest denomination for a British banknote is £50.

Exercise 45 A portmanteau word is a new expression which combines two other words. Smog, for example, is a combination of smoke and fog. Do you know which two words have been combined to create the following expressions? Explain the meaning of the following portmanteau words and then put each in its correct sentence below.

Swatch, bedsit, brunch, Chunnel, Oxbridge, Interpol, Oxfam, Eurovision

1. The ... Song Contest is watched by millions of viewers from Portugal to Finland, from Greece to Iceland, and in other countries. 2. The ... organization, which has the aim of relieving hunger throughout the world, was found in Oxford. 3. The International Police Commission, with headquarters in Paris, is usually referred to as ... . 4. If you get up late at the week-end, you might decide to have ... in the middle of the morning. 5. The British and French governments have taken the first steps towards building a ... to link the two countries. 6. In the past a university degree from ... was a great advantage to anyone wanting a career in the diplomatic service. 7. There’s a certain kind of Swiss watch called a ... . 8. She can’t afford a proper flat. She rents a ... .

Exercise 46 Read and translate the poem paying attention to the modal verbs.