Grammar revision

Exercise 43 Complete the sentences with a question word and an infinitive.

Model: Shall I wear my red skirt or my blue one?

She doesn’t know which skirt to wear.

1. ‘Shall I invite people for 7.00? Or 8.00? Or 9.00?’ She can’t decide … . 2. ‘Should I invite Suzie or not?’ She isn’t sure … . 3. ‘I could invite people by e-mail if I knew how to use it’. She wants someone to show her ... . 4. ‘Shall I buy beer? Wine? Sherry? She can’t decide ... . 5. ‘Shall I invite ten people? Thirty people? Forty people?’ She doesn’t know ... .

Exercise 44 Put the verb in brackets in the appropriate tense.

My wife and I (live) in our present house in the country for five years. We (move) here after our second child (be) born .We (live) in town for ten years, and (decide) that as soon as we (can) afford it, we (move) away from the smoke and the noise of the city centre, which we finally (do) in 1985. We never (regret) it.

We (be) reminded of the wisdom of our decision every morning when we (draw) the curtains to see open fields stretching before us. When the children (have) breakfast, they (rush) outside to play, which they (do) whatever the weather. Whilst they (play) outside, we somehow manage to start the day.

Enjoy yourself

Exercise 45 Read and translate the poem of Robert L. Stevenson, well-known writer and author of the novel ‘The Ireland of Treasure’. First railway so impressed him that he tried to describe his romantic admiration for a new means of transportation in verses. What thoughts do you have while travelling by modern railroads?

From a Railway Carriage

Faster than fairies, faster than witches,

Bridges and houses, hedges and ditches;

And charging along like troops in a battle,

All through the meadows, the horses and cattle;

All of the sights of the hill and the plain

Fly as thick as driving rain;

And ever again, in the wink of an eye,

Painted stations whistle by.

Here is a child who clambers and scrambles,

All by himself and gathering brambles;

Here is a tramp who stands and gazes;

And there’s the green for stringing the daisies!

Here is a cart run away in the road,

Lumping along with man and load;

And here is a mill and there’s a river;

Each a glimpse and gone forever!

Robert L. Stevenson (1850-1894)

Exercise 46 Define the form of the infinitive in the following proverbs and sayings. Memorize them. Give their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. Live not to eat, but eat to live.

2. Friendship is not to be bought at a fair.

3. To travel hopefully is better thing than to arrive.

4. These things are sent to try us.

5. Men are not to be measured by inches.

Do You Know That …

good-bye is the contraction of God be with ye? Good was substituted for God on the analogy of good night. Ye is an old form for you.

farewell means ‘good-bye’? Fare is an old word for go, travel: go (travel) well!

U N I T 9

Grammar: Complex Object and Complex Subject

Modal Verbs: Certainty and Possibility in Present and Past