Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary

desirable – adj бажаний; desire – v бажати; n бажання

outdated – adj застарілий

pivotal [′pivətl] – adj центральний, основний, поворотний

bullet train – швидкісний потяг витягнутої форми («поїзд-куля»)

pave the way – готувати основу, прокладати шлях; pavement – n тротуар, мостова

sweep – v мести, нестися, мчатися, охоплювати

upgrade – v удосконалювати, поліпшувати; n – підйом

be in the vanguard – бути в авангарді, бути першим

R&D (research and development) – дослідження та розвиток

liken to – v порівнювати з; syn compare

guided – pp той, яким керують, якого ведуть; guide – n провідник, керівництво; v вести, регулювати

remain – v залишатися

Duplex double decker – двоповерховий поїзд Duplex

master – v оволодівати, досягати

gradually – adv поступово

commence – v починати; syn begin, start

immediately – adv миттєво, відразу

share – n частка, частина; v ділити, розділяти, брати участь

impose – v встановлювати, накладати

axis – n вісь

be concerned with – бути причетним до, займатися; concern – v торкатися, відноситися

government – n керівництво, уряд; govern – v керувати

agreement – n угода, договір

goal – n мета, задача; syn aim, target

deploy – v застосовувати; deployment – n використання, застосування

tilting train – потяг з нахиленим кузовом; tilt on curves – нахилятись на кривих

undertake – v розпочинати, братися за

combat – v битися, змагатися, долати

influence – v впливати; n вплив

state-of-the-art – adj сучасний

shuttle service – регулярне (челночне) транспортне обслуговування між двома пунктами

sophisticated – adj складний, витончений, вдосконалений

carrier – n оператор, перевізник

convenient – adj зручний

attractive – adj привабливий; attract – v притягувати, приваблювати

benefit – n користь, вигода, прибуток, допомога; v здобувати користь

reserve – v зберігати, резервувати

ride quality – ходова характеристика

double-wing – adj двокрилий

distribute – v розподіляти

imply – v припускати, мати на увазі

Irregular verbs

Infinitive	Part Indefinite	Past Participle	Translation
bend	bent	bent	гнутися
fly	flew	flown	літати
learn	learned, learnt	learned, learnt	вивчати
speed	speeded, sped	speeded, sped	прискорювати
rise	rose	risen	піднімати
ride	rode	ridden	їздити
sit	sat	sat	сидіти
win	won	won	вигравати

Exercise 18 Find the synonyms from active vocabulary for the words in italic.

Old rolling stock; to tilt on bends; to lay the ground for new technologies; passenger forwarder; the aim of R&D department; the usage of signalling and operation practices; to take over the transportation market; the focal point of rail development; to start a new line; modern equipment; to overcome gravitation forces; to wish changes; can be compared with aircraft; a directed missile; rail’s part in the transportation market; to deal with the latest developments in radio communication; to have an impact on his behaviour; to draw tourists from all over the world.

Exercise 19 Find synonyms.

To begin, to direct, state-of-the-art, immediately, to liken, a journey, a trip, to master, to deploy, to tilt, to enlarge, to commence, sophisticated, to use, a way, agreement, to guide, to manage, a route, modern, currently, instantly, contract, to lean, to expand, presently, to compare, complicated.

Exercise 20 Read the following proper names from the text.

Taiwan, Netherlands, TGV – French High Speed Train (Train à Grand Vitesse), Switzerland, ICE – International City Express (Germany), Wurzburg, Hanover, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, the Eurotunnel, Brussels, AVE – Spanish high-speed train, the Madrid-Sevilla route, Barcelona, an Acela train, Amtrak – American Track (National Railroad Passenger Corporation), Tokaido Shinkansen, Pendalino, CTRL (Channel Tunnel Rail Link), Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI).

Exercise 21 Translate the word combinations from the text.

A highly desirable goal; reducing journey time significantly; stream-lined shape; the existing means of rail transport; the most heavily travelled routes; upgraded conventional lines; in the vanguard of high-speed R&D; the world’s fastest experimental Maglev train; the rail industry’s rising star; the third generation Duplex double-deck TGVs; a fully loaded train; to capture a market share; in accordance with the European strategic goal; as fast on curves as on the straight lines; designed to meet European interoperability standards; compatible with existing infrastructure; using existing and proven technologies; designed to improve ride quality; a body tilting system; the double-wing nose shape.

Exercise 22 Pre-text discussion.

How have the speeds changed since the early days of railways? Do you agree that high-speed revolution is sweeping round the world? Which countries have made the biggest progress in developing their high-speed networks? What do you know about high-speed trains? What is the speed limit now? What is the speed developed by trains on conventional lines? on high-speed lines? on Ukrainian lines? How can high-speed trains compete against aircraft? What does a high-speed train look like? What are its special features?

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