Функції інфінітива

Підмет	To walk is useful for everybody. – Ходити пішки корисно для кожного.
Частина складного присудка	The only thing left was to sit and wait until someone came. – Єдине, що залишилось, це сидіти і чекати, поки хтось прийде. I want to paint. – Я хочу малювати. His house was not easy to find. – Його будинок нелегко було знайти.
Додаток	He asked me to wait. – Він попросив мене зачекати. He is difficult to understand. – Його важко зрозуміти.
Означення	Suddenly she felt the need to speak. – Раптом вона відчула потребу говорити. The material to be used for this purpose will be waterproof. – Матеріал, який буде використовуватися для цього, буде водонепроникний. He is the only one to be trusted. – Він єдиний, кому можна довіряти.
Обставина мети	I have come here to meet her. – Я прийшов сюди, щоб зустрітися з нею. To earn a living, he became a salesman. – Щоб заробити на прожиття, він став продавцем.

Примітка 1. Інфінітив без частки to вживається:

1. Після модальних дієслів та зворотів: must, can, could, may, might, need, shall, should, will, would, needn’t, had better, would rather, would sooner.

You must do it at once. – Ти повинен це зробити негайно.

You had better go there tomorrow. – Ти б краще пішов туди завтра.

I would rather not tell them about it. – Мені б краще не розповідати їм про це (= я б не хотів розповідати їм про це).

2. Після дієслів make (= примушувати), let (дозволяти), іноді help (допомагати) та вислову why not ... ?

He made me read this book. – Він примусив мене читати цю книгу.

I let him go. – Я дозволив йому іти.

Help me do it. – Допоможи мені це зробити.

Why not give him socks for Christmas? – Чому б не подарувати йому шкарпетки на Різдво?

Exercise 3 Make up as many sentences as you can from each table.

I		am	glad happy pleased sorry		to meet you.
He		is			to hear it.
She		are			to be late.
We		was			to have missed the train.
You		were			not to have been informed about it.
They		will be			to be given this chance.
I	want would like hate			to tell you everything. to be troubled when I work. to play basketball. to be visited when I am ill. to be sent there.

Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences and word combinations.

1. To send the letter to inform them; the house to be built; to build the road to connect two towns; the story to listen to; the question to be discussed; the car to be repaired; the test to be carried out.

2. I am happy to help you. I am glad to have helped him. He was glad to have been helped. I am glad to be helping them. I am glad to be helped.

Exercise 5 Translate the sentences defining the function of the Infinitive.

1. They were overjoyed to take part in our expedition. 2. She wanted to be answered at once. 3. He was delighted to be working with the famous scientist. 4. It’s very difficult to drive a car in a big city. 5. Water may be used to drive dynamos, which generate electricity. 6. Sputniks do not need any additional energy to move along their orbit. 7. To extend the main street they had to destroy some old buildings. 8. The workers will use powerful machinery to assemble these huge units. 9. In this area there are no monuments to speak of. 10. Another reason to consider is the absence of necessary facilities for the experiment. 11. He was the first to come. 12. She made me believe her. 13. Let me go.

Exercise 6 Fill in the particle to where necessary.

1. Help me ... carry this bag. 2. My son asked me ... let him ... go to the theatre. 3. I must ... go to the country. 4. It cannot ... be done at once. 5. She asked me ... read the letter carefully and ... write an answer. 6. The man told me not ... walk on the grass. 7. Let me ... help you with your work. 8. We had better ... stop ... rest a little. 9. I don’t know what ... do. 10. You must ... make him ... practice an hour a day. 11. I would rather ... stay at home.

Exercise 7 Paraphrase the following according to the model.

Model: The stone was too heavy. I couldn’t lift it. – The stone was too heavy for me to lift it.

1. The text is too difficult. The students can’t translate it. 2. The car is too expensive. I can’t buy it. 3. The story is easy enough. I can read it without a dictionary. 4. The weather was too bad. We couldn’t go to the forest. 5. The coat is too long. She can’t wear it. 6. Their speech is rather quick. I can’t understand it. 7. The train’s speed is too high. It can’t stop immediately.

Exercise 8 Combine two sentences as in the model.

Model: We helped him. We are happy about it. – We are happy to have helped him.

1. I am going to Paris. I am happy about it. 2. I am spending my holidays in the Alps. I am happy about it. 3. I live in this city. I am happy about it. 4. I know this man. I am happy about it. 5. I am not working there now. I am sorry about it. 6. I have not seen this film. I am sorry about it. 7. We are taught English. We are glad of it. 8. I was not informed of it. I am sorry about it. 9. I am not allowed to go there. I am sorry about it. 10. She wasn’t invited to the evening party. She is sorry about it.

Exercise 9 Rewrite these sentences beginning with the words in brackets.

Model: He’d like to buy a car. (He can’t afford it) – He can’t afford to buy a car.

1. I didn’t pass my driving test. (I failed) 2. He’ll pay for all of us. (He’s offering) 3. Can you move the desk on your own? (Can you manage) 4. He wants to join the army. (He’s just applied) 5. Apologize to her? (I refuse)

Exercise 10 Put in the correct forms of the Infinitive.