
- •В.П. Сімонок
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Структура підручника
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •(Речення з дієсловом to have (have got))
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Порівняльні сполучники та звороти
- •Nouns: Countable and Uncountable Plural and Singular
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •From the history of railways:
- •200 Years of progress
- •Conversational practice
- •At the Railway Ticket Office
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Possessive Case of Nouns
- •Articles
- •Imperative Sentences
- •Prepositions of Time
- •Prepositions of Place
- •Questions General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Alternative Questions
- •Tag Questions
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense in the Passive
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Exercise 49 Pre-reading discussion.
- •Railway traffic operation
- •Supplementary text railroading begins
- •Conversational practice
- •I’m sorry Excuse me of course Pardon
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Continuous Tense
- •Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •Future Continuous Tense
- •Verbs, used only in simple tenses
- •Pronouns
- •Numerals
- •Розміри, виміри
- •Номери телефонів, автобусів та ін.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The railroad track
- •Unusual railways
- •It’s interesting to know... Around the world: track innovations
- •Conversational practice
- •I’ll ring back later.
- •I’m having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
- •Grammar revision
- •The Tower of London
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Perfect Tense (Часи групи Perfect)
- •Present Perfect Tense
- •Past Perfect Tense
- •Future Perfect Tense
- •The Loch Ness Wallet
- •Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Underground railways
- •Kharkiv underground
- •It is interesting to know... News in Brief about World Metros
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Sequence of Tenses
- •Виключення з правила узгодження часів
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •Питальні речення у непрямій мові
- •The Stress Interview
- •Interview
- •Наказові речення у непрямій мові
- •Expressions of Quantity Вираження кількості
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway construction: tunnels and bridges
- •Various types of passenger stock
- •Freight cars and containers
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 46 Translate the adjectives.
- •Grammar review
- •Amazing but true!
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Father’s Motto
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Supplementary text: New Energy from Old Sources
- •Reading rules
- •Exercise 1 Read the following word groups.
- •Exercise 2 Read the following words.
- •Grammar Present Participle and Past Participle
- •Use of Participles
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Exercise 19 Translate the word combinations using participles.
- •Absolute Participle Construction
- •Compound Sentences Types of Subordinate Clauses
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Power supply system
- •Exercise 40 Answer the questions.
- •Exercise 41 Replace the italicised words with the synonyms from the text.
- •Exercise 42 Find the words from which the following derivatives are produced.
- •Is connected, float, to convert
- •Exercise 46 Match the words and their definition
- •Supplementary Text new energy from old sources
- •Exercise 52 Work in pairs. Make a list of things we take for granted in our daily lives that would not be possible without electricity. Exchange your list with those of other members of the group.
- •It’s interesting to know…
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Travelling by train
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Gerund
- •Функції герундія
- •It takes your breath away!
- •Exercise 12 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of that.
- •Shall / Will
- •Irregular verbs
- •New technologies on world railways
- •Computer Crime
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •Infinitive
- •Форми інфінітива
- •Функції інфінітива
- •Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences and word combinations.
- •Exercise 5 Translate the sentences defining the function of the Infinitive.
- •The Brave Old Lady and the Hopeless Crook1
- •Attributive Group
- •Exercise 14 Find the headword of the word combinations and translate them.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •High speed rail
- •500 Series Shinkansen
- •Supplementary Text a High-speed Trains Versus Automobiles and Airplanes
- •What is maglev?
- •Russian / German High-Speed Pact
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 35 Translate the following sentences.
- •Compound words
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Complex Object
- •Exercise 3 Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Object.
- •Exercise 9 Translate the sentences using the Complex Object.
- •Complex Subject (Суб’єктний інфінітивний зворот)
- •Exercise 14 Translate the sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •An Overheard Conversation
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •The Art of Feng Shui
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway transport economics
- •Exercise 35 Answer the following questions according to the text.
- •Exercise 36 Find English equivalents.
- •Logistics on the Move
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •The Song of the Engine
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Subjunctive Mood
- •3. Past Indefinite або Past Perfect.
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Emphasis
- •Inversion
- •Exercise 27 Let’s talk about writers (artists, composers, etc.) both classical and modern. Express your opinion on Tolstoy, Shevchenko, Levitan, Mozart, etc.
- •Compound Conjunctions (Складові сполучники)
- •Compound Prepositions (Складові прийменники)
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The future of rail transportation
- •Four Eurasian Corridors
- •Russia proposes Bering Strait tunnel
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Thoughts, that help us live
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Фонетичні правила читання голосних
- •Порядок слів у стверджувальному реченні
- •Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Pronouns
- •Functions of Modal Verbs and Synonymous Expressions
- •Prepositions after Particular Words and Expressions
- •Greetings
- •Getting Acquainted with People
- •Parting with People
- •Invitations and Proposals
- •Apologies
- •Answers
- •Agreeing
- •Disagreeing
- •Hesitations and Lack of Understanding
- •Starting a Conversation
- •Telephoning
- •Transitional Words
- •Word Formation
- •Literature
It takes your breath away!
The art of (cook) requires the use of garlic. Of course, (eat) of garlic is not generally approved of. (Work) beside someone who has eaten garlic is as bad as (sit) beside someone who smokes. But while (smoke) is definitely bad for you, there is no doubt that (eat) garlic is good for the health. We are likely to see more ‘No (smoke)’ signs, but we won’t see any ‘No (breathe)’ signs for garlic eaters! (Cultivate) and (export) garlic has become big business now that so many people use it for (flavour) meat and (add) to different dishes. People often buy it when they do the (shop). You don’t have to deny (use) it or (have / eat) it. (Be) a garlic eater is something to be proud of and shows you enjoy good (live). The story of garlic is a breathtaking success!
Exercise 11 Translate into English using the Gerund.
1. Пробачте, що я запізнився. 2. Я не сподіваюсь побачити його скоро. 3. Дякую вам за те, що показали нам дорогу до міста. 4. Я здивований, що ти пропустив так багато занять. 5. Мені дивно, що ви так часто запізнюєтесь. 6. Я проти того, щоб це питання обговорювали сьогодні. 7. Ми наполягаємо на тому, щоб цей будинок було відремонтовано. 8. Вона пішла з дому, не вимкнувши телевізора. 9. Він пішов, не попрощавшись. 10. Я з нетерпінням чекаю того, що знов побачу мою подругу. 11. Мені не подобається ідея залишитися вдома. 12. Він захоплюється грою у футбол. 13. Цей факт не варто згадувати. 14. Ми були зайняті установленням обладнання. 15. Одержавши добрі результати, вони закінчили експеримент. 16. Ти можеш покластися на те, що я усе зроблю вчасно. 17. Вона боїться залишитися вдома сама. 18. Зараз я не в настрої дискутувати. 19. Ви можете покращити свої знання, читаючи спеціальну літературу.
Use of That
Вказівний займенник |
That is our house. – То наш будинок. |
Слово-замінник іменника в однині |
This house is much better than that built last year. – Цей будинок значно кращий, ніж той, що був збудований минулого року. |
Сполучник, який входить до підсилюючої конструкції It is ... that |
It is the ballast that supports the track structure. – Саме баласт підтримує структуру колії. |
Сполучне слово |
The main-line track is the track that carries a large volume of traffic. – Магістральний шлях – це шлях, який здійснює великий обсяг перевезень. |
Сполучник |
We know that the rails are made of steel. – Ми знаємо, що рейки виготовлені зі сталі. |
Exercise 12 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of that.
1. One may say that the electronic computer is one of the most remarkable achievements of the 20th century. 2. It is a machine that can make long mathematical calculations and can store information put into it. 3. An electronic computer that is now in use is an integral part of the modern life. 4. The scientists are working hard to improve the existing machine and to develop a new one much faster and more efficient than that we have today. 5. Some engineers think that today it is the rails that are a more important factor for increased speeds than the locomotives. 6. It is known that rails were first used many years ago. 7. On that track horses could draw more coal. 8. It was those mine railways that gave birth to the steam railroads. 9. It is of interest to note that those rails were introduced by Robert Stevens, the son of the American railroad pioneer.
Exercise 13 Put in this / that / these / those.
1. Why am I living in ... country? 2. Give me ... box from the table. 3. ... potatoes taste burnt! 4. What was ... noise? 5. Who are ... people over there? 6. Come ... way, please. 7. Isn’t ... weather great? 8. Did you hear ... rain in the night? 9. Tell her to stop ... shouting. 10. ... was a nice meal – thanks. 11. Who said ... ? 12. Why did she marry ... idiot? 13. Do it ... way, not like ... .
Modal Verbs Shall / Should, Will / Would, Need, Dare