It’s interesting to know…

Don’t waste your waste!

Garbage generates enough methane and greenhouse gases to produce electricity to heat 3,000 homes.

Every ton of steel recycled saves more than a ton and a half of iron ore.

You can save about 400 kilowatt hours of electricity a year by recycling the newspapers, glass, steel, aluminium and plastic soft drink bottles used by an average household.

Nega, not mega!

A negawatt hour is a kilowatt hour of electricity that is not produced because people improved their energy efficiency or conserved energy. Each negawatt hour is valuable because it produces no greenhouse gas or other pollutant. And it’s free!

The newly-coined term eco-driving includes such tips: don’t carry unnecessary loads, speed up and break smoothly, engage the appropriate gear for your road speed, don’t leave the engine idling unnecessarily, use the engine to break when you can, and drive at the most fuel-efficient speeds. Which are the most effective? Discuss it in your group.

Conversational practice

Exercise 56 Match the words in the box with the sentences below.

Nothing much. Cheers. Sleep well. Excuse me. Not at all. Don’t mention it. Thank you. How are you? Bye for now. Thanks, same to you.

Model: ‘Hello, Sue!’ – ‘Hi, Jane. Nice to see you.’

‘_____.’ – ‘Fine, thanks.’

‘Thank you so much for helping.’ – ‘_____.’

‘Good night.’ – ‘_____.’

‘_____.’ – ‘Yes, can I help you?’

‘Have a nice day.’ – ‘_____.’

‘Make yourself at home.’ – ‘_____.’

‘See you next week.’ – ‘_____.’

‘What are you doing this weekend?’ – ‘_____.’

‘Here’s your beer.’ – ‘_____.’

Exercise 57 What would you say in the following situations? Compose dialogues.

1. You are at the airport. You’ve lost one of your suitcases. Ask the policeman for help. 2. You are meeting a foreigner at an airport. You don’t know him personally. One of the passengers looks like your guest. What would you say to know if he is the person you are looking for? 3. You want to show your visitor out of the airport to take the taxi, which is waiting by the entrance.

WORD BUILDING

Adverb Suffixes: -ward(s), -wise Adverb Prefix: a- Noun Suffixes: -ure, -ture Verb Prefixes: dis-, mis-, de-

Exercise 58 a) Translate the words.

Seaward, southward, backward, upward, downward, outward, onwards, towards, inward, forward, homeward.

b) Translate the words using the stem given: east, wind, west, in, north, sky, home, earth.

На захід, в напрямку землі, на північ, до дому, в небо, по вітру, направлений усередину, на схід.

Exercise 59 a) Find the right translations for the following adverbs.

clockwise	кінцем уперед
anywise	в ширину
broadwise	ніяким чином
crosswise	інакше
endwise	у відношенні до грошей
likewise	за часовою стрілкою
otherwise	стосовно кар’єри
nowise	хрест-навхрест
moneywise	подібно
careerwise	якимось чином

b) Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the table.

1. Screw the lid on ... . 2. Halve the potatoes ... . 3. Put your coat on, ... you’ll get cold. 4. His father was the President then. It helped him ... . 5. They have inherited a fortune. So they’re OK ... . 6. He voted for the change and he expected his colleagues to do ... .

Exercise 60 a) Point out the prefix in the following words and translate them.

Disadvantage, disloyal, disarrange, disappear, dishonesty, discover, dissimilar, disunion, disconnect, dislike, misunderstand, misspend, misdeed, mismanage, mislay, misbehave, misguide, mispronounce, misdirection, misinformation, misdoing, misuse.

b) Express the following in one word using the prefixes.

dis-: not to agree, not to allow, not to obey, not to approve, to deprive of colour, to deprive of comfort, to cease to continue, to cease to use, to cease to credit.

mis-: to translate (interpret, state) in a wrong way, bad fortune, wrong conduct, wrong use.

c) Translate the words, using the stems given. Consult the dictionary.

Приводити у безлад (order), не задовольняти (satisfy), не звертати увагу (regard), позбавляти спадщини (inherit), переставляти (place), звільняти (charge), неслухняний (obedient), нечесний (honest), нездатний (able), недолік (advantage), неправильно відрегульований (adjusted).

Exercise 61 Translate the following pairs of verbs.

moralize – demoralize	gasify – degasify
nationalize – denationalise	electrify – de-electrify
centralize – decentralize	segregate – desegregate
militarise – demilitarise	contaminate – decontaminate
rail – derail	list – delist
value – devalue	capitalize – decapitalize

Exercise 62 a) Find the right translation for the following adverbs.

aboard	у великій кількості
abreast	на стороні
aplenty	вздовж
apiece	на борту
aside	знову, ще раз
anew	на плаву
along	схожий
alone	пішки, у дії
afoot	врівень, на одній лінії
afloat	наодинці
alike	за штуку

b) Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the table above.

1. There were plans ... for a second attack. 2. They finally went ... the plane. 3. Could you put this cake ... for me. 4. There was food ... . 5. It’s important to keep ... of the latest developments in computers. 6. We were driving ... Follyfoot Road. 7. The pictures are worth about €10,000 ... . 8. Somehow we kept the ship ... . 9. I was ready to leave everything behind and start ... in California. 10. The twins were dressed ... .

Exercise 63 Translate the pairs of words and define what parts of speech they belong to.

Depart – departure, please – pleasure, press – pressure, seize – seizure,

mix – mixture, architect – architecture, create – creature, disclose – disclosure.

Exercise 64 a) Complete the sentences with a preposition from the box to build a phrasal verb.

out out up in on off

1. Put ... something warm. It’s cold today. 2. There’s some ice-cream in the freezer. Can you get it ... ? 3. Why are your clothes on the floor? Please pick them ... . 4. I’m going to take the dog ... for a walk. 5. Turn ... the TV! It’s time to go to sleep. 6. You should fill ... a customs declaration when crossing the border.

b) Look at the position of the object when it is a pronoun in these sentences. Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs adding up, away, off, in, after.

Model: Your shoes are dirty. Take them off.

This jumper looks nice. Can I try it on?

1. We don’t need all these lights on. Put ... . 2. Leave little Annie with me. I’ll look ... . 3. I haven’t got time to fill in this form. I’ll fill ... later. 4. Are you still smoking? – No, I gave ... . 5. I have never liked this thing. I just threw ... .