Exercise 19 Translate the word combinations using participles.

Лист, одержаний вчора; одержуючи листи; одержавши листа; студенти, які слухають доповідь; прослухав останні новини; слухаючи радіо; дівчинка, яка читає книгу; читаючи книгу; прочитав книгу; студент, який показує свій проект; проект, показаний нам; показуючи свій проект; показав свій проект; маючи усі необхідні документи; коли нас запитали; коли до нас звернулися; зробивши переклад; перекладаючи.

Одиночне Past Participle (іноді Present Participle) у функції означення може стояти після іменника.

The velocity of a reaction depends on the specific nature of the substances involved. - Швидкість реакції залежить від певної природи даних речовин.

Exercise 20 Make up sentences matching the suggested parts. Translate your sentences.

The questions The equipment The results The goods The data The substances

tested discussed obtained decomposed described delivered produced

demanded further consideration. showed good performance. proved the validity of this method. speeded up the reaction. required improvement. helped to satisfy growing demand. worked properly.

Exercise 21 State the function of words ending in –ed.

1. They published the results of the experiments completed. 2. The factory museum contained about 8,000 exhibits collected during two centuries. 3. He described the method used by this engineer. 4. The engineer used the method described in this article. 6. The paintings discussed attracted the attention of many visitors. 7. The articles published by this scientist are translated and reprinted abroad.

Exercise 22 a) Complete and elaborate the following:

Model: When expressing sympathy...

When expressing sympathy, we say ‘I’m sorry for you’.

What do you usually say:

(when) parting with the host of the party; expressing one’s apology; comforting somebody; congratulating somebody on the birthday; making an appointment with your rector.

What do you usually do (say):

(when, after, while) being angry; praising somebody; having fallen in love; arguing; announcing the incoming train; playing the host at the party; looking for a job; debating a point.

What would you do (say):

having got a bad mark; having found a promising job vacancy; having missed the train; having found a wallet.

b) Home assignment: get ready to describe an exciting film, an embarrassing situation, some disappointing news.

Absolute Participle Construction

(Незалежний дієприкметниковий зворот)

Дієприкметникові звороти з Present Participle та Past Participle поділяються на залежні та незалежні. Залежні дієприкметникові звороти відносяться до підмета всього речення. Незалежні дієприкметникові звороти мають свій особистий підмет і відокремлюються від головного речення комою.

Absolute Participle Construction на початку речення перекладається підрядним реченням умови, причини або часу, які вводяться прикметниками: якщо, через те що, оскільки, з огляду на те що, коли, після того як.

The conditions permitting, we shall test the new model tomorrow. (якщо)

The professor being ill, the lecture was put off. (через те що)

The work having been completed, Mr Jones left London for Moscow. (після того як)

Absolute Participle Construction на кінці речення передає супутні обставини та перекладається самостійним реченням зі словами: причому, у той час як, при цьому.

The owner was fined by the Customs, the goods being confiscated. (причому)

A little girl walked past, her doll dragging behind her on the pavement. (а)

Примітка 1. У науково-технічній літературі самостійний дієприкметниковий зворот часто вводиться прийменником with, який не перекладається.

With the experiments having been carried out, we started new investigations. - Після того, як були проведені експерименти, ми почали нові дослідження.

Exercise 23 Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of the Absolute Participle Construction.

1. This is a device used for detection and measurement of light, its principle of action being simple. 2. The monorail having been built in Tokyo, the problem of traffic congestion was partly solved. 3. With the driver’s cab equipped with radio, the danger of train collision can be easily eliminated. 4. The information on the goods trains at the sorting yard being processed by computers, the efficiency of sorting operations is very high. 5. Both electric and diesel locomotives are now in operation on our railways, the diesel being the best type for marshalling yards. 6. Stations and other railway buildings being subjected to intensive vibration and noise, strong and sound-resistant materials should be used in their construction.

Exercise 24 Combine two sentences, using the Absolute Participle Construction.

Model: The book was interesting. We read it with pleasure.

The book being interesting, we read it with pleasure.

1. Our friend helped us. We could fulfil our work in time. 2. There were no trams at that late hour. We had to walk home. 3. The magazines have been brought. The students could start doing translations. 4. The experiment has been over. Everybody left the laboratory. 5. The speaker has finished the report. We began to discuss it.

Exercise 25 Translate the sentences, stating the form and function of the Participle.

1. The translated article was very interesting. The article being translated by this student is necessary for the report. Having been translated, the article was published. Having translated the article, the student showed it to the teacher. The article translated, we decided to show it to the engineer.

2. He was given a very difficult text for translation. The text given to him at the examination was very difficult. Being occupied in his work, he did not notice when we entered the room. The text being interesting, we translated it with pleasure.

3. The key having been found, we could open the room. Having found the work interesting, I decided to take part in it.

4. The letter having come too late, we could do nothing. People coming to St Petersburg admire its architectural ensembles.