Compound Forms of Present Participle

(Складні форми дієприкметника дійсного часу)

Present Participle може мати прості (asking) та складні форми (being asked, having asked, having been asked).

Past Participle має лише просту форму (asked).

	Present Participle
	Active	Passive
Indefinite	дія, виражена дієприкметником, відбувається одночасно з дією, що виражена присудком
	giving The professor giving a lecture showed many diagrams. – Викладач, що читав лекцію, продемонстрував багато діаграм. (giving – означення) Giving a lecture the professor showed many diagrams. – Читаючи лекцію, викладач продемонстрував багато діаграм. (giving – обставина)	being asked The student being asked by the teacher gave an excellent answer. – Студент, якому викладач поставив запитання, дав блискучу відповідь. (being asked – означення) Being asked the student didn’t know what to say. – Коли студента запитали, він не знав, що відповісти. (being asked – обставина)
Perfect	дія, виражена дієприкметником, відбулася раніше, ніж дія, виражена присудком
	having given Having given a lecture, the professor answered a lot of questions. – Прочитавши лекцію, викладач відповів на багато запитань. (=після того, як викладач прочитав лекцію ...)	having been asked Having been asked a lot of questions, the lecturer decided to give an explanation. – Після того, як лектору поставили багато запитань, він вирішив пояснити.

Exercise 11 Give all compound forms of the Present Participle of the following verbs.

Model: to accept – being accepted, having accepted, having been accepted

Cover, read, look, wait, give, go, laugh, come, write, sleep, ring.

Exercise 12 Read and translate the word combinations.

having entered the Institute having calculated the distance having developed the speed of 120km having introduced new methods of work having decided to leave the city having divided the apple into three parts having installed new equipment having obtained the necessary data having found the new way having changed his behaviour

having been asked about the work having been published in many languages having been adopted, the resolution, … having been taken, this decision, … having been sorted, all materials, … having been delivered, the information, … having been sent, the letters, … having been cleaned, the territory, … having been changed, the methods, … having been manufactured, a new design, …

Exercise 13 Translate the word combinations.

вивчивши іноземну мову прочитавши цікаву книгу зробивши домашнє завдання зателефонувавши інженеру застосувавши новий метод дав відповіді на усі запитання закінчивши роботу вчасно загубивши їхню адресу вибравши необхідний маршрут заснувавши новий офіс

вивчаючи іноземну мову читаючи цікаву книгу виконуючи домашнє завдання телефонуючи інженерові застосовуючи новий метод відповідаючи на усі запитання закінчуючи роботу шукаючи їхню адресу вибираючи необхідний маршрут засновуючи новий офіс

Exercise 14 Find participles and state their functions. Translate the sentences.

1. Not having bought tickets in advance, we had to go to the theatre long before the performance started. 2. Having finished the test, the students were allowed to leave the room. 3. The man making a report is a good speaker. 4. When asked about the exhibition held in the Gallery, the young man said that he had admired it greatly. 5. Being fond of skiing, John always joins us for skiing trips at weekends. 6. Having been given all the instructions, we began our work. 7. If sent away now, the letter will arrive the day after tomorrow. 8. Not knowing grammar, one cannot speak correctly. 9. Having been properly tested, the device was put into production. 10. The building of the new cinema being built in our street just now is of modern design. 11. Being divided into sections, the railway handles the traffic more efficiently. 12. Having been warned of the train collision, the dispatcher immediately sent a special train to the scene of the accident. 13. Being introduced on the railways, the automatic train control will facilitate both the work of the driver and dispatcher.

Exercise 15 Put in the correct form of the participles.

Model: Having filled up with petrol, we continued our journey.

1. I broke a tooth (bite) on a nut. 2. Michael drove home from work, (achieve) nothing all day. 3. I just had to stand there (stare) at by all those people. 4 (Look) round the museum, we went back to our hotel. 5. Every single sandwich (eat), there was no food left. 6. The drugs entered the country (hide) in a container. 7. (Search) the building, the police went away again. 8. (Catch) sight of Adam across the street, she waved at him.

Exercise 16 Think and answer the following.

1. What do students usually do working on the computer; having worked on the computer; writing a term-paper; having completed it; graduating from the Academy; having graduated from the Academy?

2. What does a writer do writing a novel? (having written it?)

3. What does an engineer do designing a new machine (having designed it)?

4. What do job applicants do writing a resume (having written it)?

Exercise 17 Rewrite the sentences, using the Perfect Participle.

Model: He finished work and went home. – Having finished work, he went home.

1. He read a book and went to bed. 2. He worked hard and saved a lot of money. 3. I came to live in the country a few years ago. I now realize how much I hated living in town. 4. He graduated from university, and went off to work in Australia. 5. When you go abroad, it is advisable to take out travel insurance. 6. I came across a wonderful book. I was searching for something interesting to read for several days. 7. I worked hard, and I managed to pass all my exams. 8. When we heard the weather forecast, we decided not to go camping in the mountains.

Exercise 18 Change the following sentences, using participles instead of the subordinate italicised clauses.

1. The people who live in this old block of flats will soon get new flats. 2. The question which is being discussed now is very important for the organization of our future work. 3. As we had a lot of time, we did not hurry. 4. As I had left your telephone number at home, I could not ring you up. 5. The woman who is being painted just now is a famous actress. 6. As he was ill for a long time, he could not finish his project in time. 7. After I had read the book, I returned it to the library. 8. Young artists who are taking part in this exhibition have graduated from the institute quite recently. 9. While she was looking at his picture she was thinking of the progress he had made.