
- •В.П. Сімонок
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Структура підручника
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •(Речення з дієсловом to have (have got))
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Порівняльні сполучники та звороти
- •Nouns: Countable and Uncountable Plural and Singular
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •From the history of railways:
- •200 Years of progress
- •Conversational practice
- •At the Railway Ticket Office
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Possessive Case of Nouns
- •Articles
- •Imperative Sentences
- •Prepositions of Time
- •Prepositions of Place
- •Questions General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Alternative Questions
- •Tag Questions
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense in the Passive
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Exercise 49 Pre-reading discussion.
- •Railway traffic operation
- •Supplementary text railroading begins
- •Conversational practice
- •I’m sorry Excuse me of course Pardon
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Continuous Tense
- •Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •Future Continuous Tense
- •Verbs, used only in simple tenses
- •Pronouns
- •Numerals
- •Розміри, виміри
- •Номери телефонів, автобусів та ін.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The railroad track
- •Unusual railways
- •It’s interesting to know... Around the world: track innovations
- •Conversational practice
- •I’ll ring back later.
- •I’m having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
- •Grammar revision
- •The Tower of London
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Perfect Tense (Часи групи Perfect)
- •Present Perfect Tense
- •Past Perfect Tense
- •Future Perfect Tense
- •The Loch Ness Wallet
- •Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Underground railways
- •Kharkiv underground
- •It is interesting to know... News in Brief about World Metros
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Sequence of Tenses
- •Виключення з правила узгодження часів
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •Питальні речення у непрямій мові
- •The Stress Interview
- •Interview
- •Наказові речення у непрямій мові
- •Expressions of Quantity Вираження кількості
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway construction: tunnels and bridges
- •Various types of passenger stock
- •Freight cars and containers
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 46 Translate the adjectives.
- •Grammar review
- •Amazing but true!
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Father’s Motto
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Supplementary text: New Energy from Old Sources
- •Reading rules
- •Exercise 1 Read the following word groups.
- •Exercise 2 Read the following words.
- •Grammar Present Participle and Past Participle
- •Use of Participles
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Exercise 19 Translate the word combinations using participles.
- •Absolute Participle Construction
- •Compound Sentences Types of Subordinate Clauses
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Power supply system
- •Exercise 40 Answer the questions.
- •Exercise 41 Replace the italicised words with the synonyms from the text.
- •Exercise 42 Find the words from which the following derivatives are produced.
- •Is connected, float, to convert
- •Exercise 46 Match the words and their definition
- •Supplementary Text new energy from old sources
- •Exercise 52 Work in pairs. Make a list of things we take for granted in our daily lives that would not be possible without electricity. Exchange your list with those of other members of the group.
- •It’s interesting to know…
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Travelling by train
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Gerund
- •Функції герундія
- •It takes your breath away!
- •Exercise 12 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of that.
- •Shall / Will
- •Irregular verbs
- •New technologies on world railways
- •Computer Crime
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •Infinitive
- •Форми інфінітива
- •Функції інфінітива
- •Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences and word combinations.
- •Exercise 5 Translate the sentences defining the function of the Infinitive.
- •The Brave Old Lady and the Hopeless Crook1
- •Attributive Group
- •Exercise 14 Find the headword of the word combinations and translate them.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •High speed rail
- •500 Series Shinkansen
- •Supplementary Text a High-speed Trains Versus Automobiles and Airplanes
- •What is maglev?
- •Russian / German High-Speed Pact
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 35 Translate the following sentences.
- •Compound words
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Complex Object
- •Exercise 3 Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Object.
- •Exercise 9 Translate the sentences using the Complex Object.
- •Complex Subject (Суб’єктний інфінітивний зворот)
- •Exercise 14 Translate the sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •An Overheard Conversation
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •The Art of Feng Shui
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway transport economics
- •Exercise 35 Answer the following questions according to the text.
- •Exercise 36 Find English equivalents.
- •Logistics on the Move
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •The Song of the Engine
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Subjunctive Mood
- •3. Past Indefinite або Past Perfect.
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Emphasis
- •Inversion
- •Exercise 27 Let’s talk about writers (artists, composers, etc.) both classical and modern. Express your opinion on Tolstoy, Shevchenko, Levitan, Mozart, etc.
- •Compound Conjunctions (Складові сполучники)
- •Compound Prepositions (Складові прийменники)
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The future of rail transportation
- •Four Eurasian Corridors
- •Russia proposes Bering Strait tunnel
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Thoughts, that help us live
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Фонетичні правила читання голосних
- •Порядок слів у стверджувальному реченні
- •Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Pronouns
- •Functions of Modal Verbs and Synonymous Expressions
- •Prepositions after Particular Words and Expressions
- •Greetings
- •Getting Acquainted with People
- •Parting with People
- •Invitations and Proposals
- •Apologies
- •Answers
- •Agreeing
- •Disagreeing
- •Hesitations and Lack of Understanding
- •Starting a Conversation
- •Telephoning
- •Transitional Words
- •Word Formation
- •Literature
Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
mean (meant, meant) – v означати, мати на увазі
average – adj середній, середня величина
adult – adj дорослий
fear – v боятися, побоюватися; n боязнь, побоювання, страх
besides – adv крім того
cause – v спричиняти, приводити до, викликати; cause discomfort – спричиняти незручності
cost – n ціна; construction cost – ціна будівництва
narrow – adj вузький
wonder – n здивування, чудо; v дивуватися, цікавитися; wonderful – adj дивовижний, чудовий
fill – v наповнювати; full – adj повний
introduce – v впроваджувати
frequent – adj частий; v [fri'kwent] часто відвідувати, бувати; frequency – n частотність
spread (out) – v розповсюджувати(ся)
follow – v іти слідом за
currently – adv тепер, у цей час
reason – n причина
traffic congestion – транспортне перевантаження, затор
environment – n навколишнє середовище; environment protection – захист навколишнього середовища; environment pollution – забруднення навколишнього середовища
annual – adj річний, щорічний
employ – v використовувати, застосовувати
conversion – n переведення, перехід
conventional – adj звичайний, традиційний; syn common
cheap – adj дешевий
reliable – adj надійний
vehicle – n транспортний засіб
promise – v обіцяти; promising – adj багатообіцльний, перспективний
carrying capacity – пропускна спроможність
allow – v дозволяти
feed – v постачати, підводити, живити
claim – v заявляти, стверджувати
equip – v обладнувати
prevent (from smth) – v не допускати, оберігати, утримувати
pay attention to – приділяти увагу
Light Rail – система міського рейкового транспорту («легкий транспорт»)
urban – ajd міський; suburb – n передмістя, околиці
dedicated lines – спеціалізовані лінії; syn purpose-built lines
approach – v наближатися, підходити; n підхід, метод
quiet – adj тихий, спокійний, неголосний
avoid – v уникати
compatible – adj сумісний
emit – v випромінювати, виділяти; emission – n випромінювання, викид
remarkable – adj значний, видатний; remark – n зауваження, вислів; v ~ on помічати, відмічати, висловлюватися
Irregular verbs
Infinitive |
Simple Past |
Past Participle |
Translation |
become |
became |
become |
ставати |
begin |
began |
begun |
починати |
get |
got |
got, gotten (AmE) |
одержувати, доходити |
give |
gave |
given |
давати |
pay |
paid |
paid |
платити |
put |
put |
put |
класти |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
говорити |
write |
wrote |
written |
писати |
Exercise 31 Change the words in italics into their synonyms from the active vocabulary.
The typical resident of a big city, grown-up citizens, to declare one’s rights on the property, commuter trains, to bring electric traction into use, to be afraid of getting deep under the ground, to send out much pollution, purpose-built high-speed line, to result in the increase of carrying capacity, common types of cars, to use the latest technologies, to permit automated metros to operate safely, to comment on some important issues, the most advanced transportation means, city rail mass transit network.
Exercise 32 Find antonyms among the following words.
To empty, expensive, wide, quiet, reliable, rare, to fill, narrow, to allow, frequent, cheap, unreliable, to forbid, noisy.
Exercise 33 Complete the sentences with the verbs introduce, frequent, warn, fill, emit, pay attention and claim.
1. He poured her a drink, then ... his own glass. 2. It is important to ... to the questions of safety on railway transport. 3. The company ... that their product ‘makes you thin without dieting’. 4. I ... you not to walk home alone. 5. Let me ... myself. 6. The bar was ... by actors from the nearby theatre. 7. The Earth ... natural radiation.
Exercise 34 Read and translate the following word combinations.
By turns, to reduce construction costs, no wonder, a sardine-box-railway, to make engineers introduce electric traction, when put into service, much more frequent services, to be finished in marble, to be treated as a kind of art, renewal of equipment, ticketing machines, passenger carrying capacity, driverless systems, high-capacity heavy metros, glass safety door barriers, warning light and sound systems, to use codes in the rails, compatible with pedestrian environments, low-floor light rail vehicles, urban rail mass transit network, to get across town quickly, for added security, more than twice as many.
Exercise 35 Pre-reading discussion.
What do you know about the history of underground? Have you heard about Light Metro? What is it like? What anniversary has the Kharkiv metro celebrated recently? If you know any interesting facts or stories about underground systems, share this information with the group.
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