Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Nouns: Countable and Uncountable; Plural and Singular

Indefinite (Simple) Tense

Text: From the History of Railways: 200 Years of Progress

Word Building: -er (-or), -ion (-sion, -tion, -ation), -ist, -ant (-ent), -able (-ible)

Reading rules

a	e	i, y	u	o
відкритий склад (I)
[ei] make	[i:] tree	[ai] lie, cry	[ju] duke	[oʊ] note
закритий склад (II)
[æ] cat	[e] bed	[i] bit, mystery	[ʊ], [ʌ] put, cut	[ɒ] dog

Exercise 1 Read the following words.

1. Blame, pale, mate, sake, make, fat, van, sane, name, bad, late, ale, plan, stamp, lad, fame, sand, lamp, man, ape, wake, mad, gate, gave, take, sad, came, behave, amaze, same, dam.

2. Eve, me, net, lend, bet, be, left, let, best, slept, met, sea, mete, spend, Pete, eke, men, fee, red, below, desire, degree, express.

3. My, size, tip, style, fit, type, time, system, mine, fine, side, lift, stick, bye, pit-stop, dive, tin, glide, write, gin, miss, pine, pipeline, sin, tint, sink, hide, which, why, write, mystery, virus, typist.

4. Mute, nude, hut, but, cut, mud, use, dust, fuse, tune, gun, cup, stuff, due, tube, cute, dumb, hue, sue, shut, Dutch, jump, shy, fun, duke, during, furious, refuse, curious, duty.

5. So, no, go, smoke, cost, stone, sole, zone, lot, stop, not, on, dome, scope, sock, vote, note, spoke, alone, rock, role, bottle, wrote, joke.

[oʊ] Oh, no, don’t go home alone.

Nobody knows how lonely the road is.

[i:] A sailor went to sea to see what he could see.

But all he could see was sea, sea, sea.

Grammar

Sentences with the Verb to be

(Речення з дієсловом to be)

PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
I am (I’m)	was	will (’ll) be
he, she, it is (he’s)
you, we, they are (you’re)	were
NEGATIVE
I am not (I’m not)	was not (wasn’t)	will not (won’t) be
he, she, it is not (isn’t)
you, we, they are not (aren’t)	were not (weren’t)
INTERROGATIVE
Am I ...?	Was I, he, she, it ...?	Will you be ...?
Is he (she, it) ...?
Are you (we, they) ...?	Were they, we, you ...?

Exercise 2 Make the sentences negative and interrogative, translate them.

1. He is a well-known scientist. 2. They are at the lecture. 3. It’s all over now. 4. We were friends many years ago. 5. She will be busy tomorrow. 6. My grandfather was a railwayman. 7. It was unusually warm yesterday. 8. The theme of the congress is ‘High-Speed Railways’.

Exercise 3 Say the following sentences in the Past and Future Indefinite and add the appropriate time guide (yesterday, 2 days ago, tomorrow, next week, last month, in a year, tonight, when I was a child, etc.)

1. Victor is free tonight. 2. John is in America now. 3. I am not very busy this week. 4. He isn’t in the mood to talk. 5. The child is ten years old. 6. My younger brother is fond of football. 7. The children are at school. 8. We are first-year students. 9. It isn’t cold. 10. What is the weather like today?

Exercise 4 Object to the sentence according to the model.

Model: He was in Moscow last month. – Nothing of the kind. He wasn’t. He was in Kiev at that time.

I hear it will be cold tomorrow. – Nothing of the kind. It won’t. It will be warm enough.

1. She was unwell last week. 2. Kate is 18 years old. 3. They were present at the meeting yesterday. 4. The film was boring. 5. There will be a lot of people at the birthday party tomorrow. 6. She was late for the classes. 7. Last summer was unusually hot. 8. He is very good at languages.

Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps with the verb to be in the appropriate form. Take turns to ask each other questions. Give true answers.

Model: What / favourite colour? – What is your favourite colour? – It’s violet.

1. Where / you born? 2. Which month / you born? 3. What / the most interesting subject at school? 4. When / Christmas in our country? 5. What / your favourite sport? 6. Where / you when I called you yesterday evening? 7. What / your parents? 8. What / the best (worst) TV programme for you? 9. How big / your family? 10. Where / you from? 11. Why / you late for the lecture yesterday? 12. Which profession / the most popular (difficult, respectable, useful) in our country? 13. You / busy tomorrow? 14. How old / you?

Exercise 6 Put was, were, wasn’t, or couldn’t into the gaps. Practise the conversation between two friends, Sue and Bill.

Sue: ... you at Eve’s party last Saturday?

Bill: Yes, I ... .

Sue: ... it good?

Bill: Well, it ... OK.

Sue: ... there many people?

Bill: Yes, there ... .

Sue: ... Tom there?

Bill: No, he ... . And where ... you?

Sue: Oh, I ... come because I ... at Adam’s party. It ... fantastic.

Exercise 7 Translate the sentences.

1. Biн зараз у відрядженні. 2. Вона буде там о п’ятій годині. 3. Його брат – інженер. 4. Він буде радий вас бачити. 5. У цій кімнаті холодно. 6. Вона була на дискотеці вчора. 7. Його зараз нема вдома. 8. Ви будете завтра вільні? 9. Тема лекції дуже цікава. 10. Ви були у Криму минулого літа? 11. Він буде в університеті завтра?

Sentences with the Verb to have (have got)