Grammar revision

Exercise 54 Put verbs in brackets in the Passive.

The Tower of London

The Tower of London (build) by William the Conqueror in 1078 as a castle and palace. Since that time it has been expanded to its present size and used as an armoury, a zoo, a royal mint, a prison, and a museum. At the time when it was a prison a lot of people (lock) in the Tower for their religious beliefs or suspected treason. Elizabeth the First (shut up) there too. Spies (imprison) in the Tower during both World Wars. Some of the prisoners (allow) to walk in the grounds, live in comfortable rooms and receive visitors. Many convicted (publicly / execute) on Tower Hill. They (behead) with the block and axe, which (keep) and (show) in the Tower Armoury now. The Jewel House (situate) at the Tower. The collection of the Crown Jewels (keep) in it. In 1671 a daring attempt (make) to steal it by a man named Captain Blood.

Exercise 55 Make questions from the sentences.

1. I live in a flat near the centre of town. (Where?) 2. Jane speaks three languages. (How many?) 3. I’m learning English because I need it for my job. (Why?) 4. I’ve been to France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States. (Which countries?) 5. He was in Dublin in 1970. (Where? When?) 6. I’ve been learning German for three years. (How long?)

Exercise 56 Put a, an, the, if necessary.

1. Better ... small fish than ... empty dish. 2. Better ... last smile than ... first laughter. 3. ... brevity is ... soul of wit. 4. ... charity begins at ... home. 5. Closed mouth catches no ... flies. 6. ... experience is ... best teacher. 7. ... fire and ... water are good servants, but ... bad masters. 8. One cloud is enough to eclipse ... sun. 9. One drop of ... poison infects ... whole tun of wine. 10. There is no ... place like ... home. 11. Please clean ... blackboard. 12. I must go to ... bank and ... post office. 13. It’s as cold as ... ice. 14. Which is longer: ... Volga or ... Danube? 15. Is ... Everest ... highest mountain in ... world? 16. ... news that you brought was ... great shock. 17. It’s ... pity that you can’t come. 18. ... weather was fine, and we decided to take ... walk. 19. They say ... sugar is bad for you. 20. Is ... Amsterdam in ... United States or in ... Netherlands? 21. ... Statue of Liberty was presented as ... gift by ... people of ... France to ... people of ... United States. 22. ... sun rises in ... east and sets in ... west. 23. ... Loch Ness is ... lake in ... Scotland. 24. ... English are very proud of their history. 25. Do you know what is on at ... ‘Bolshoi’ tomorrow evening? 26. Is ... Malta in ... Mediterranean? 27. They are looking for ... man with ... long dark hair. He is armed and dangerous.

Enjoy yourself

Spelling test. These words are Italian and are also used in English. Choose the correct solutions.

1. spagetti, spagheti, spaghetti

2. graffiti, grafitti, grafiti

3. expresso, espreso, espresso

4. brocolli, broccoli, brockley

5. capuccino, cappuccino, cappucino

Do you know that the expression ‘spaghetti western’ means a cowboy film with a very confusing plot, and ‘spaghetti junction’ is a complex motorway intersection.

Would you know how to sneeze in English or what to say if you walked into a lamppost?

Ой! – Ouch!

Апчхі! – Atchoo!/ Atishoo!

Бувай здоровий! – Bless you!

Опля! – Whoops-a-daisy!/Oops-a-daisy!/Whoops!/Oops!

За ваше здоров’я! – Your health! Here’s to you! Cheerio!

Do you know that Bingo is a popular British game played for money and held in large halls, many of which are former cinemas. To play this game you have to buy one or more cards with numbers printed on them and then cross the numbers out as they are drawn at random¹ and called out by the caller, who is usually a man. There are cash prizes for the first to complete a whole card.

To make the numbers more interesting, some of them have been given certain associations or nicknames². An example of this is ‘Legs Eleven’ – the number eleven resembling a pair of legs. ‘Unlucky for some’ – 13, ‘Two fat ladies’ – 88, ‘Clickety Click’ – 66, ‘Sunset Strip’³ – 77.

¹ are drown at random – беруться наугад

² nickname – прізвище

^{3 ‘}77 Sunset Strip’ – назва серіалу

U N I T 4

Grammar: Perfect Tense

Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Participle

Pronoun One

Text: Underground Railways

Supplementary text: Kharkiv Underground

It’s interesting to know: News in Brief about World Metros

Word Building: -ic, -al, -an; -age, -th, -ee; -ize, -(i)fy; en- (em-)

READING RULES

G g	[G]	перед e, i, y	age, engineer, gym викл. get [g], give [g]
	[g]	перед приголосними та голосними (крім e, i, y); у кінці слів	great, go, big, dog
	[N]	у сполученні ng	bring, wrong, strong

Exercise 1 Practice the following sounds.

[G]	[g]	[N]
language generation algebra original engine	gold bag girl dog good	sing thing working English king

Exercise 2 Read the words and explain the rules of reading.

Garbage, sing, king, bridge, bag, large, great, song, agronomist, language, go, village, agriculture, college, gauge, large, young, forget, cabbage, gorgeous, engineer, George, Germany, struggle, generation, region, again, grain, engagement, grow, geometry, bring, Google, angry, along, change, gymnasium, refrigerator, girl, original, geologist, gel, gene.