- •В.П. Сімонок
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Структура підручника
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •(Речення з дієсловом to have (have got))
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Порівняльні сполучники та звороти
- •Nouns: Countable and Uncountable Plural and Singular
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •From the history of railways:
- •200 Years of progress
- •Conversational practice
- •At the Railway Ticket Office
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Possessive Case of Nouns
- •Articles
- •Imperative Sentences
- •Prepositions of Time
- •Prepositions of Place
- •Questions General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Alternative Questions
- •Tag Questions
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense in the Passive
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Exercise 49 Pre-reading discussion.
- •Railway traffic operation
- •Supplementary text railroading begins
- •Conversational practice
- •I’m sorry Excuse me of course Pardon
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Continuous Tense
- •Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •Future Continuous Tense
- •Verbs, used only in simple tenses
- •Pronouns
- •Numerals
- •Розміри, виміри
- •Номери телефонів, автобусів та ін.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The railroad track
- •Unusual railways
- •It’s interesting to know... Around the world: track innovations
- •Conversational practice
- •I’ll ring back later.
- •I’m having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
- •Grammar revision
- •The Tower of London
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Perfect Tense (Часи групи Perfect)
- •Present Perfect Tense
- •Past Perfect Tense
- •Future Perfect Tense
- •The Loch Ness Wallet
- •Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Underground railways
- •Kharkiv underground
- •It is interesting to know... News in Brief about World Metros
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Sequence of Tenses
- •Виключення з правила узгодження часів
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •Питальні речення у непрямій мові
- •The Stress Interview
- •Interview
- •Наказові речення у непрямій мові
- •Expressions of Quantity Вираження кількості
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway construction: tunnels and bridges
- •Various types of passenger stock
- •Freight cars and containers
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 46 Translate the adjectives.
- •Grammar review
- •Amazing but true!
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Father’s Motto
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Supplementary text: New Energy from Old Sources
- •Reading rules
- •Exercise 1 Read the following word groups.
- •Exercise 2 Read the following words.
- •Grammar Present Participle and Past Participle
- •Use of Participles
- •Compound Forms of Present Participle
- •Exercise 19 Translate the word combinations using participles.
- •Absolute Participle Construction
- •Compound Sentences Types of Subordinate Clauses
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Power supply system
- •Exercise 40 Answer the questions.
- •Exercise 41 Replace the italicised words with the synonyms from the text.
- •Exercise 42 Find the words from which the following derivatives are produced.
- •Is connected, float, to convert
- •Exercise 46 Match the words and their definition
- •Supplementary Text new energy from old sources
- •Exercise 52 Work in pairs. Make a list of things we take for granted in our daily lives that would not be possible without electricity. Exchange your list with those of other members of the group.
- •It’s interesting to know…
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Travelling by train
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Gerund
- •Функції герундія
- •It takes your breath away!
- •Exercise 12 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of that.
- •Shall / Will
- •Irregular verbs
- •New technologies on world railways
- •Computer Crime
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •Infinitive
- •Форми інфінітива
- •Функції інфінітива
- •Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences and word combinations.
- •Exercise 5 Translate the sentences defining the function of the Infinitive.
- •The Brave Old Lady and the Hopeless Crook1
- •Attributive Group
- •Exercise 14 Find the headword of the word combinations and translate them.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •High speed rail
- •500 Series Shinkansen
- •Supplementary Text a High-speed Trains Versus Automobiles and Airplanes
- •What is maglev?
- •Russian / German High-Speed Pact
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 35 Translate the following sentences.
- •Compound words
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Complex Object
- •Exercise 3 Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Object.
- •Exercise 9 Translate the sentences using the Complex Object.
- •Complex Subject (Суб’єктний інфінітивний зворот)
- •Exercise 14 Translate the sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •An Overheard Conversation
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •The Art of Feng Shui
- •Reading comprehension Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway transport economics
- •Exercise 35 Answer the following questions according to the text.
- •Exercise 36 Find English equivalents.
- •Logistics on the Move
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •The Song of the Engine
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Subjunctive Mood
- •3. Past Indefinite або Past Perfect.
- •Three Types of Conditional Sentences
- •Emphasis
- •Inversion
- •Exercise 27 Let’s talk about writers (artists, composers, etc.) both classical and modern. Express your opinion on Tolstoy, Shevchenko, Levitan, Mozart, etc.
- •Compound Conjunctions (Складові сполучники)
- •Compound Prepositions (Складові прийменники)
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The future of rail transportation
- •Four Eurasian Corridors
- •Russia proposes Bering Strait tunnel
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Thoughts, that help us live
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Фонетичні правила читання голосних
- •Порядок слів у стверджувальному реченні
- •Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Pronouns
- •Functions of Modal Verbs and Synonymous Expressions
- •Prepositions after Particular Words and Expressions
- •Greetings
- •Getting Acquainted with People
- •Parting with People
- •Invitations and Proposals
- •Apologies
- •Answers
- •Agreeing
- •Disagreeing
- •Hesitations and Lack of Understanding
- •Starting a Conversation
- •Telephoning
- •Transitional Words
- •Word Formation
- •Literature
Transitional Words
to show time
after, afterwards, always, as soon as, at last, at once, briefly, eventually, finally, first/second, immediately, in a little, while, in a meantime, in the past/future, last, later, meanwhile, next, now, often, once, once upon a time, sometimes, soon, then, suddenly, when, while
to show place
above, among, around, below, beside, beyond, down, forward, from, here, in front of, inside, nearby, next to, on, on the other side, opposite, out, outside, over, through, under
to indicate result
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for that reason, then, therefore, thus, so, it follows
to reinforce an idea
above all, especially, indeed, in fact, most important, equally
to conclude
after all, as has been noted, finally, in brief, in effect, in other words, in short, on the whole, to summarize, that is
to compare and contrast ideas
but, even so, conversely, however, in contrast, in spite of, in the same way, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, still, yet, of course, no doubt, granted that
to illustrate or explain an idea
for example, for instance, in other words, in particular, namely, specifically, such as, that is, thus, to illustrate, like
to add an idea
again, also, and, as well as, besides, further, furthermore, in addition, last (at last), likewise, more, moreover, next, similarly, too
Word Formation
Prefixes |
Example |
Suffixes |
Example |
anti- (against) bi- (two) co- (with) de- (acting against) ex- (before, former) inter- (between) mono- (one) non- (not) over- (too much) post- (after) un- (negative) im- (negative) ir-(negative) il- (negative) in- (negative) mal- (not correct) dis- (negative)
|
antinuclear bilingual cooperation decomposition ex-general intermediate monolingual non-stop overeat postgraduate unbelievable impossible irresistible illegal incompetent malfunction disagree |
-ee -er -ish -proof -age -al -ation -ence -ion -ment -sion -sis -tion -y -ance -ant(-ent) -able(-ible)
|
employee employer childish, smallish waterproof breakage proposal organization preference confusion amusement suspension analysis direction perjury annoyance significant reliable (efficient)
|
pre- (before) pro- (in favour of) re- (again) semi- (half) sub- (under) super- (above) trans- (across) tri- (three) under- (not enough) uni- (one)
|
prejudge pro-American rearrange semicircle subconscious supernatural transatlantic tricycle underestimate unicycle |
-an -ar -ary -y -wards -less -ly -ate -ize -fy -en |
Siberian regular secondary faulty outwards useless rapidly celebrate organize simplify shorten |
British and American English
British English |
American English |
Ukrainian Equivalent |
advertisement |
commercial |
реклама (на телебаченні) |
air host(ess) |
flight attendant |
стюард(еса) |
anti-clockwise |
counterclockwise |
проти годинникової стрілки |
autumn |
fall |
осінь |
banknote |
bill |
банкнота |
barrister |
lawyer, attorney |
адвокат |
bath |
bathtub |
ванна |
bill |
check |
рахунок |
booking office |
ticket office |
залізнична каса |
biscuit |
cookie |
печиво |
blinds (for windows) |
shades |
жалюзі |
carriage |
car |
вагон |
cash dispenser |
ATM (automatic teller machine) |
банкомат |
cashier |
teller |
касир |
centre of the city |
downtown |
центр міста |
chair |
department |
кафедра (у ВУЗі) |
chemist’s |
drugstore, pharmacy |
аптека |
chips |
French fries |
смажена картопля |
cinema |
movie theater |
кінотеатр |
clever |
smart |
кмітливий |
coach |
bus |
туристичний автобус |
company |
corporation |
крупна компанія |
cooker, oven |
stove |
кухонна плита |
country |
nation |
країна |
crossroads |
intersection |
переїзд, перехрестя |
cul-de-sac |
dead end |
тупик |
current account |
checking account |
поточний рахунок у банку |
dinner jacket |
tuxedo |
смокінг |
doctor |
physician |
лікар |
double track |
double line |
двоколійний путь |
draughts |
checkers |
шашки |
driver |
engineman |
машиніст |
dust bin |
garbage can |
ящик для сміття |
enquiry office |
information bureau |
довідкове бюро |
faculty |
department |
факультет |
flat |
apartment |
квартира |
form |
grade |
клас (у школі) |
fortnight |
two weeks |
два тижні |
full stop |
period |
крапка |
goods shed |
freight house |
товарний склад |
government, cabinet |
administration |
уряд |
ground floor |
first floor |
перший поверх |
the High Street |
Main Street |
головна вулиця міста |
on holiday |
on vacation |
у відпустці |
lend |
loan |
позичати |
lift |
elevator |
ліфт |
liquidizer |
blender |
міксер |
lorry |
truck |
вантажівка |
Ltd. (limited) |
Inc. (incorporated) |
ТОВ |
luggage |
baggage |
багаж |
main road |
highway |
шосе |
pavement |
sidewalk |
тротуар |
petrol |
gasoline, gas |
бензин |
primary school |
elementary school |
початкова школа |
post code |
zip code |
поштовий індекс |
queue |
line |
черга |
railway |
railroad |
залізниця |
rolling stock |
equipment |
рухомий склад |
rubber |
eraser |
гумка |
secondary school |
high school |
середня школа |
shop |
store |
магазин |
shopping centre |
mall |
торговельний центр |
shunting |
switching |
маневри |
sleepers |
railroad ties |
шпали |
subway |
pedestrian underpass |
підземний перехід |
thousand million |
billion |
мільярд |
timber |
lumber |
древина |
toilet |
bathroom, restroom |
туалет |
tram |
street car |
трамвай |
trousers |
pants, slacks |
брюки |
underground, tube |
subway |
метро |
zebra (pedestrian) crossing |
cross walk |
пішохідний перехід |